第三章 時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have(has)+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他情況下都用have:

　　He (She, The boy) has gone home

　　他(她，那男孩)回家了。

　　I (You, We, They) have made a mistake.

　　我(你，我們，他們)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

　　2.和過去式一樣，過去分詞也有兩類，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)加-ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有各自不同的形式，如do一done, find—found, see—seen, hear—heard。

　　3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示：

　　1)已發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作：

　　Who has broken the glass?

　　誰把玻璃杯打破了?(杯子破了)

　　I haven't had my breakfast yet.

　　我還沒吃早飯。(有些餓)

　　He's already left for the airport.

　　他已動(dòng)身去機(jī)場(chǎng)。(不在家)

　　2)現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間發(fā)生的情況：

　　She's just phoned.

　　她剛打電話來。

　　There has been an accident.

　　出了車禍了。

　　They have put up hundreds of tall buildings.

　　他們蓋了數(shù)以百計(jì)的高樓。

　　3)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)：

　　She has been here for two years.

　　她在這里已經(jīng)有兩年了。

　　The meeting has already lasted for 3 hours.

　　會(huì)已經(jīng)開了三個(gè)小時(shí)了。

　　We have lived here for over ten years.

　　我們?cè)谶@里住了十多年了。

　　若有表示過去時(shí)間的狀語則不能使用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。另外have (has)got+有特殊意義，表示“有”：

　　How many brothers have you got?

　　你有多少兄弟?

　　He hasn't got a car.

　　他沒有汽車。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定、否定、疑問及簡(jiǎn)易回答形式可表示如下：

　　1.肯定句

　　I(We, You, They)have done it.

　　2.否定句

　　I(We, You, They)haven't done it.

　　He (She) has left.

　　He(She) hasn't left.

　　I (We, You, They) haven't.

　　3.疑問句

　　Has he (she) left?

　　Have I (We, You, They) have done it?

　　4.簡(jiǎn)短回答

　　Yes, he (she) has.

　　he (she) hasn't.

　　No, I (We, You, They) haven't.