<例句>
She sat with her arms clasped round her knees.
她雙手抱膝坐著。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
介詞with后面跟一個(gè)包含有過(guò)去分詞clasped的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),某些動(dòng)詞后面也可用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,此外還有少數(shù)不規(guī)則的形式。過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有時(shí)的特征,也沒(méi)有體和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,除了具有動(dòng)詞的性之外,還具有形容詞和副詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以充當(dāng)很多成分如謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。
<觸類(lèi)旁通>
(1) She was amazed and enchanted at the sight.
看到這情景她很驚奇和著迷。
語(yǔ)法分析:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候居多,大部分已變成形容詞。
(2) The door is broken.
門(mén)破了。
語(yǔ)法分析:“be+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一種狀態(tài),這種結(jié)構(gòu)都含有be或其他系動(dòng)詞加過(guò)去分詞,這與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是有區(qū)別的,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作。
(3) Her face wore a puzzled expression.
她的臉上有一種困惑的表情。
語(yǔ)法分析:大部分的過(guò)去分詞可以用作定語(yǔ),尤其是那些表示情緒的詞。
(4) Is there anything planned for tonight?
今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎?
語(yǔ)法分析:有些過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)跟在所修飾詞的后面,作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
(5) I do consider myself justified in doing so.
我的確認(rèn)為我這樣做是有道理的。
語(yǔ)法分析:在某些動(dòng)詞后面,可以跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
(6) Given good weather, our ship will reach there on Sunday evening.
如果天氣好,我們的船將在星期天晚上到達(dá)那兒。
語(yǔ)法分析:在少數(shù)情況下,過(guò)去分詞可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
1. _____[Provide] that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting there.
2. She will come if _____[ask].
3. _____[Convince] that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything.
4. I knew nothing about the experiment _____[conduct] there.
5. Her ______[embarrass] manner increased his doubt.
6. She was _____[astonish] to see her father.
7. How much time is there _____[leave]?
<參考答案>
1. Provided 2. asked 3. Convinced 4. being conducted 5. embarrassed 6. astonished 7. left