思馬得英語100個句子學英語語法（38）：虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法

　　<例句>

　　If you had taken her advice, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.

　　如果你聽了她的勸告，你現在就不會有這種麻煩了。

　　<語法分析>

　　有些條件句主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時間上并不一致，這類句子成為錯綜時間條件句。還有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，這類句子成為含蓄條件句，在這種句子中，也可能需用虛擬語氣。某些情態(tài)動詞在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。

　　<觸類旁通>

　　(1) If I had arrived a little earlier, I would have seen her.

　　我要是早來一會就見到她了。

　　語法分析：虛擬條件句，表示純假想的情況。

　　(2) If it hadn't been for the doctors' care, he wouldn't be speaking to you now.

　　要不是有醫(yī)生們的照料，他此時不會和你說話的。

　　語法分析：主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動作在時間上不一致，稱為錯綜時間條件句。

　　(3) In the old days he would have argued.

　　要是在過去他早就爭論上了。

　　語法分析：有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和條件句差不多，在這種句子中有時也需用虛擬語氣。

　　(4) Would you tell me how to get to the tube?

　　可否告訴我如何去地鐵站?

　　語法分析：某些情態(tài)動詞如should, would, could及might等在口語里使用得很多，可以使語氣變得委婉。

　　(5) I might have come to a wrong conclusion.

　　我也許得出了錯誤的結論。

　　語法分析：這類帶有情態(tài)動詞的句子，其謂語不一定是虛擬語氣，但卻比較接近虛擬語氣。

　　<鞏固練習>

　　(1) If I had enough money, I _____ buy a new table.

　　(2) If you tried again, you _____[may] succeed.

　　(3) If she had a permit, she _____[can] get a job.

　　(4) _____[be] I you, I would refuse.

　　(5) _____[be] it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.

　　(6) If she were leaving, you _____[hear] about it.

　　(7) He _____[do] anything to make amends.

　　(8) Anybody else _____[believe] you.

　　<參考答案>

　　(1) would (2) might (3) could (4) Were (5) Were (6) would have heard (7) would have done (8) would have believed