研究生入學考試聽力試題中第一部分為填充表格,其中很大一部分是根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容填寫諸如數(shù)字、時間和地點等具體信息。而數(shù)字、時間等信息正是中國考生最不容易聽清楚的。下面我們將數(shù)字、時間等英語語言信息的日常表達方法介紹給大家:
1.英語中純數(shù)字的表達方法
小數(shù)和分數(shù):
0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen
1/2one half
1/3one /a third
3/4three fourths
7'2/5seven and two fifths
大于100的數(shù)字:
101one hundred (and ) one
200two hundred
998nine hundred ( and ) ninety'eight
在英語中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美國英語中卻往往省去。請分析下面的對話:
A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?
B: That‘s nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.
A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?
B: Ha, ha…… surely I am joking. You silly goose.
大于1000的數(shù)字:
1001a/one thousand (and) one
2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty'two
900,732,266,043
nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three
英語中一千以上數(shù)字的表達方法是以三位數(shù)為單元,從高到低billion,million,thousand而依次讀出的。因此我們在聽時,可以三位數(shù)三位數(shù)地記錄。試比較下面的對話:
A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?
B:One billion four hundred thirty'two million two hundred sixty'six thousand and forty three.
A:Thank you very much.
2.英語中時間的表達方法
英語中時間的表達方法主要有直接法和借用介詞法等。
(1)直接法。
上午八點eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]
下午九點nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]
六點六分six six
六點三十二six thirty two
八點正eight o'clock
(2)借用介詞法。
八點四十五a quarter to nine
七點零五分five past seven
七點五十四six to eight
六點半half past six
(3)表示正點的用法。
十一點正at 11 o'clock sharp
at 11 o'clock on the hour
at 11 o'clock on the strike
正午12點at noon
午夜12點at midnight
(注:12點22分可讀作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式說法);twenty-two after twelve(美式說法)
1點15可讀作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式說法):a quarter after one(美英說法)
8點50分可讀作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式說法);ten before nine(美式說法)
1點40分可讀作:one forty; twenty to two(英式說法);twenty before two(美式說法)
“提前半小時”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等來表示。)
時間表示法和時段的簡單運算是聽力考試的熱點,請看下面的對話:
W: How long does the class usually last?
M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So……
W: That is forty'five minutes. Thank you very much!
Q: When does the class usually start?
3.英語中貨幣的表達方法
英國貨幣:penny(便士)/pence (penny的復數(shù)),pound (£)
£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以簡單地寫作:twenty fifty
美國貨幣:
1美元鈔票a S|1.00 bill
1 dollar=100 cents
(S|1.00=one dollar)
(S|2.00=two dollars)
25美分1 quarter
10美分1 dime
5美元1 nickel
1美分1 penny
S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.
(注:表示正常價格: regular price, normal price.
表示價格劃算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.
表示價格較貴:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.
表示價格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.
表示減價出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.
詞組:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)
4.英語中關(guān)于數(shù)字及其計算的聽力考點
(1)數(shù)字辨別:
有關(guān)數(shù)字辨別的一個關(guān)鍵考點就是類似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的聽音,看大家能否聽出其發(fā)音區(qū)別。聽力理解中難以分辨的基數(shù)詞主要有以下幾對:
thirteen與thirty; fourteen與forty; fifteen與fifty; sixteen與sixty; seventeen與seventy;eighteen與eighty; nineteen與ninety,在英文中這幾對數(shù)詞叫做teens and tens(十幾與幾十)。
不管加減還是乘除,這類題中至少會出現(xiàn)兩個數(shù)字,你的任務(wù)就是迅速地判斷這兩者的關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)聽音再確定正確選項。
(2)加減法計算:
在需要簡單的加減法計算的題型中,對話中至少出現(xiàn)兩個數(shù)字,它們之間的關(guān)系往往用“多少”、“遲早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等來表達。還要注意一些能夠表示數(shù)的存在或引起數(shù)的變化的動詞,這些動詞也能確定數(shù)字之間的加減關(guān)系,例如:
be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。
大家還應(yīng)該記住下面這些表示加減關(guān)系的詞:
more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(減去),minus(減去)
Dialogue 1:
M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.
W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.
Q: How much are two red bags?
A.S|4.00 B.S|6.00
C.S|8.00 D.S|12.00
這道題從選擇項上來看非常簡單,因為數(shù)字不大,所以乍一看選擇項有可能放松警惕,而實際上,這道貌似簡單的題,中間卻暗含著陷阱。因為原文中提到black、blue、red三個顏色的bag,最后提問的是紅色書包的價格,包含了一個加法和乘法運算。如果大家在聽的時候沒記好,又沒有做好筆記,就很容易出錯。因此,在聽力答題中要保持一個清醒的頭腦,穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打是成功的重要保證。
Dialogue 2:
W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?
M: No. He said he would be back at four and it's six already.
Question: What time did the woman see Bob?
A??2∶00 B??3∶00 C??5∶00 D??6∶00
在這個例子中,見到Bob的具體時間必須依據(jù)現(xiàn)在的時間推斷出?,F(xiàn)在時間是6點鐘,而說話人是在三小時之前見到Bob的,因而那時的時間約是3點鐘。正確的選項是B.
Dialogue 3:
M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?
W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.
Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?
A'60 B??75 C??90 D??50
原對話中并未直接給出說話人所購買的衣服的價錢,但可以通過其他信息推算出來?;疑路?5元,而買棕色的可以節(jié)省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。應(yīng)選D.
Dialogue 4:
W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?
M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.
Question: What's the actual number of people who attended the meeting?
A'20 B'35 C'35 D'50
此題中的運算關(guān)系由double一詞體現(xiàn)出來,即雙倍的。原來預(yù)計有25人到場,實際上是原先的兩倍,因而正確的選項是D.