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本文選自吳應(yīng)時(shí)的《應(yīng)時(shí)新概念英語(yǔ)4》,是學(xué)習(xí)新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)的輔助學(xué)習(xí)筆記,提供知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講及解析,想知道具體都有哪些內(nèi)容,那就一起來(lái)看看吧。
第一段語(yǔ)法符號(hào)詳解:
1. It is clear that the sleeping period must have some function and because…the function would seem to be important…
并列復(fù)合句,以 and 分為兩句,第一句 it 為形式主語(yǔ),that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作真正主語(yǔ),該主語(yǔ)從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
and 后第二句的主句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),前面有一個(gè) because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句.
2. Speculations have been going on and finding is that it looks…
并列復(fù)合句,以 and 分為兩句,第一句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
第二句中,that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾主句的主語(yǔ) finding,該定語(yǔ)從句為主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu). 主句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),故 finding is that it looks…rest 是系動(dòng)詞 is 后面接 that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句.
這個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句為 it looks as if…的主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其表語(yǔ)又由一個(gè) as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任,即主系+表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,該表語(yǔ)從句仍為主系+表語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu). 這個(gè)嵌套的表語(yǔ)從句本身又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu) sleeping is [not] a matter.
3. Rest can be achieved…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主謂結(jié)構(gòu),by 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ),不過(guò)該狀語(yǔ)是并列結(jié)構(gòu),or 后面有所省略,補(bǔ)充完整為 rest can be achieved even by sitting down.
4. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring and function…when…
并列句,前句主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后句省略了主語(yǔ),主謂結(jié)構(gòu),后面的 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句亦有省略,補(bǔ)充完整為 when the body’s tissues are [more or less] [continuously] active. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
5. movement occurs which is concerned with…
復(fù)合句,主謂結(jié)構(gòu),which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 movement,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
第二段語(yǔ)法符號(hào)詳解:
1. If it is not a question…the brain needs resting…
復(fù)合句,主句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
2. This might be hypothesis were it not for two factors…
復(fù)合句,主句為簡(jiǎn)單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后面跟一個(gè)省略了 if 的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,且采用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),屬于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,還原為:if it were not for two factors. (2.1.3)
3. the electroencephalograph shows that…while…there is no evidence…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂+賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu).
該賓語(yǔ)從句包含一個(gè) while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(3-2 句)和 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句(3-3 句). 其中 3-2 句為 there be 句型,3-3 句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句.
3-1 句原文是以括號(hào)形式作補(bǔ)充講解腦電圖記錄儀為何物,該句本身是簡(jiǎn)單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
4. The second factor is interesting and fundamental…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主系表并列結(jié)構(gòu).
5. an American psychiatrist published experiments…
簡(jiǎn)單句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
William Charles Dement (born July 29, 1928) is an American sleep researcher and founder of the Sleep Research Center at Stanford University.[1] 睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)之父,還健在.
6. He showed that the sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂+賓語(yǔ)從句,而該從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
some drifting and slow,以及 others jerky and rapid 兩句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu). 這兩句所處的賓語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)為平均的睡眠周期,而此兩句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為 bursts of eye-movements,與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致. (12.1.2)
7. People reported that they had been dreaming…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂+賓語(yǔ)從句,而該從句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu). 這里是處于快速眼動(dòng)睡眠狀態(tài).
8. when…they reported no dreams…
復(fù)合句,主句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu). when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句省略了主語(yǔ),完整句為: [When they had woken [at other times],] …因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^(guò)去時(shí),這個(gè)蘇醒在主句匯報(bào)沒(méi)有夢(mèng)之前發(fā)生,所以是過(guò)去的過(guò)去,采用過(guò)去完成時(shí)予以還原.
9. If…the first group began to show some disorders while…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),即 9-2 句.
9-1 句為 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,為并列句,由 and 連接,均為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),第二句里面含有 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,該時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
9-3 句為 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,為主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
10. The implications were that…
復(fù)合句,主句為主系+表語(yǔ)從句.
that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,為并列句,均為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其中 but 后這一句省略了謂語(yǔ),還原為 but it was the disturbance of dreaming that mattered.