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本文選自吳應(yīng)時(shí)的《應(yīng)時(shí)新概念英語4》,是學(xué)習(xí)新概念英語第四冊的輔助學(xué)習(xí)筆記,提供知識點(diǎn)精講及解析,想知道具體都有哪些內(nèi)容,那就一起來看看吧。
第一段語法符號詳解:
1. Alfred the Great acted as spy, visiting…
簡單句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),后面有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語和一個(gè)過去分詞短語,兩個(gè)均作狀語,visiting…camps 可以理解成作伴隨狀語,修飾 acted 這一動作;disguised…minstrel 則作方式狀語,修飾 visiting.
Alfred the Great (849-899),建議搜索了解大帝的生平.
2. minstrels were welcome…
簡單句,主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
3. They were not men, and their harp was their passport.
并列句,均為主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
4. Alfred had learned ballads, and could vary his programme…
并列句,均為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
第二段語法符號詳解:
1. While army began to gather, the king set out to penetrate the camp…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句亦為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu).
2. These had settled down: Alfred went…
并列句,前后兩個(gè)句子,以冒號相隔. 前句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),后句有倒裝,還原為 Alfred went thither. 也是主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
3. He noticed that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence, and precautions were casual.
復(fù)合句,前后兩個(gè)句子,以冒號相隔. 第一句為主謂+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu),賓語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu). 冒號后面的句子為并列句,由兩個(gè)句子組成,第一句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),第二句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
4. They lived on the proceeds…
簡單句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),謂語由動詞詞組擔(dān)任,live on 一起作謂語方能理解成以什么為生. 這里用逗號將 live on 分開,可以理解成強(qiáng)調(diào) well. 有人認(rèn)為 well 和 on the proceeds…regions 并列作狀語,這樣理解不是很恰當(dāng),因 on the proceeds 只能作地點(diǎn)狀 語,相當(dāng)于在某處生活.
5. they collected women, and a life had made them soft.
并列句,前句為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),后句為主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
第三段語法符號詳解:
1. Alfred stayed…before he returned…
復(fù)合句,主句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句亦為主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
這里網(wǎng)上有人認(rèn)為句中 a week 不等于 for a week,因此不應(yīng)理解為“在 camp 待了一周”,而是“在他回到阿塞爾納的一周前,阿爾弗雷德一直待在敵營”. 這里似乎缺少了 for,但畢竟這里涉及史實(shí),我查了別的書籍,全都寫的是待了幾 天. Alfred stayed [in the Danish camp] [for several days], [singing his songs and playing sweet music], and [all the time] [watching and listening].[1] 這里 all the time 后面的伴隨狀 語,你也可以看作 Alfred was watching and listening [all the time]. 從這可以看出,原句 的理解應(yīng)為一個(gè)星期,而不是一周前. 應(yīng)為實(shí)際上也不是 7 天,所以翻譯中我加了“大約”二字.
其實(shí)作者不過是把地點(diǎn)狀語提前了,調(diào)換一下就沒有這種模棱兩可的情況了:
Alfred stayed a week in the camp before…因?yàn)?stay 和 last 一樣,本身帶有持續(xù)性的意義,可以省略 for.
2. The force was trivial…
簡單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu).
3. Alfred had deduced that the Danes were fit and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on raids…
復(fù)合句,以冒號分為兩句,第一句為主謂+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu),賓語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu). and 后面是省略了主語和謂語 Alfred had deduced 的賓語從句,這里的冒號可以理
解成分號. 該賓語從句為并列句,以 but 相連,均為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),只不過 but 后面這句省略了主語 their commissariat. 這句的 irregular 如果是描述軍隊(duì),可以表達(dá) irregular military 非正規(guī)軍隊(duì),regular military 正規(guī)軍隊(duì),所以這里的搶奪也是不正規(guī)的,也就 是瞎搶,并沒有按照規(guī)劃,從東邊搶到西邊,或者從富戶搶起。
第四段語法詳解:
1. Alfred did not risk battle but harried the enemy.
并列句,以 but 連接,兩句均為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),第二句省略了主語 Alfred.
2. He was on the move.
簡單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后面跟一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語.
3. His patrols halted parties: hunger assailed army.
簡單句,主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后面跟一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語.
4. Alfred began skirmishes and the Danes had surrendered.
并列句,首句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),and 后句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu).
5. The episode could serve as a(n) epic
簡單句,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu). 翻譯的時(shí)候,將 episode 放在了最后.