新概念英語第二冊Lesson 71 A famous clock
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Has Big Ben ever gone wrong?
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
parliament n. 議會，國會
erect v. 建起
accurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的
official n. 官員，行政人員
Greenwich n. 格林尼治
observatory n. 天文臺
check v. 檢查
microphone n. 擴(kuò)音器，麥克風(fēng)
tower n. 塔
參考譯文
當(dāng)你游覽倫敦時，首先看到的東西之一就是“大本”鐘，即那座從英國廣播公司的廣播中全世界都可以聽到它的聲音的著名大鐘。如果不是國會大廈在1834年被焚毀的話，這座大鐘永遠(yuǎn)也不會建造。“大本”鐘得名于本杰明.霍爾爵士，因為當(dāng)建造新的國會大廈時，他負(fù)責(zé)建造大鐘。此鐘不僅外型巨大，而且走時也非常準(zhǔn)確。格林尼治天文臺的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。當(dāng)大鐘打點的時候，你可以從英國廣播公司的廣播中聽到，因為鐘塔上接了麥克風(fēng)。“大本”鐘很少出差錯。然而有一次，它卻把時間報錯。在鐘塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上，把鐘弄慢了!
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 如果不是國會大廈在1834年被焚毀的話，這座大鐘永遠(yuǎn)也不會建造。
(1)這句話用的是虛擬語氣，即第3類條件句，表示與過去的事實
相反的一種假設(shè)。(cf.第64課語法)
(2)the Houses of Parliament,國會大廈。由于英國議會是由上議院(House of Lords)和下議院(House of Commons)組成的，所
以Houses為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(3)burn down為固定短語，在這里表示“(使)燒成平地”、“燒毀”：
The hospital was burned down last month.
那家醫(yī)院上個月被燒毀了。
2.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was respon- sible for the making of the clock…“大本”鐘得名于本杰明·霍爾爵士，……他負(fù)責(zé)建造大鐘。
(1)Sir用于英國人的全名(或名字)之前時表示“爵士”(不單獨用
于姓之前)，如 Sir John Gilbert(約翰·吉爾伯特爵士)或 Sir John(約翰爵士)，但不能稱 Sir Gilbert。
(2)responsible for表示“對……需負(fù)責(zé)任/承擔(dān)責(zé)任的”：
Who is responslble for the accident?
誰應(yīng)對這起事故負(fù)責(zé)?
John is responsible for the building of the bridge.
約翰負(fù)責(zé)修建這座橋。
(3)-ing形式前面無冠詞時可直接跟賓語：making the clock; -ing 前有冠詞時則其后不能直接跟賓語，而必須用of;the making of the clock.
3.It is not only of immense size…此鐘不僅外型巨大……
be of…表示人或物的特征：
we are of the same age/size.
我們年齡/個頭相同。
This letter is of great importance.
這封信至關(guān)重要。
4.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 格林威治天文臺的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。
(1)Greenwich 格林威治(又譯格林尼治)，位于倫敦東南，是本初
子午線，即經(jīng)度零度經(jīng)過的地方。
(2)have the clock checked是have的使役式用法。(cf. 第66課語
法)
5.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. “大本”鐘很少出差錯。
go wrong為固定短語，其含義之一是“(機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障”、“出
毛病”：
My watch/The engine of the car has gone wrong.
我的手表/汽車發(fā)動機(jī)出了毛病。
Something has gone wrong with my car.
我的汽車出毛病了。
6.slow…down,把……弄慢。
Slow down為固定短語(可分開使用)，其含義之一為“(使……)慢下來/減速”：
He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.
他在車輛擁擠的路上駕駛時，放慢了車速。
語法 Grammar in use
復(fù)習(xí)第60～69課部分語法
通過這幾課的語法學(xué)習(xí)，我們知道在表示將來時的句子中，要
在時間狀語從句中使用現(xiàn)在時，同時也要在第1類條件句中用
現(xiàn)在時來表示;學(xué)習(xí)了將來完成進(jìn)行時和過去完成進(jìn)行時的形
式和用法;學(xué)習(xí)了第3類條件句、情態(tài)助動詞 must, have to, should和ought to;學(xué)習(xí)了用于使役式的動詞 have，以及用于介
詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的被動語態(tài)：
The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is born.
孩子出生以后，湯普森一家將搬到一套新的公寓去住。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.
到下星期此刻，我就已經(jīng)為這家公司工作了20年了。(將來完成進(jìn)行時通常要和某個時間狀語連用，這個狀語往往
表示“到/截止……時候”)
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
消防隊員們同那場森林大火搏斗了將近三個星期才最后把火勢控制住。(過去完成進(jìn)行時與將來完成進(jìn)行時一樣，也要有時間狀語;它們都強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性)
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have got a better job.
要是我上學(xué)時勤奮一些，我就會有較好的工作了。(第3 類條件句表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣)
We should/ought to arrest him, but we shall let him off this time.
我們應(yīng)該逮捕它，但這次我們饒了它。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
他本該知道警察絕不會允許這類事情發(fā)生。(should+ have+過去分詞表示過去應(yīng)該做或完成而沒有做的事)
The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France.
法國政府讓人把飛機(jī)包裝起來，一部分一部分地搬回法
國。(have+名詞/賓格代詞+過去分詞表示讓別人為自
己做某事)
After being robbed, the man called the police.
那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話。(after+動名詞的被動
形式相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句，但主語必須一致)
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.official, employee與shop assistant
official指“官員”、“公務(wù)員”：
Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.
在他退休之前，杰里米一直是位政府/市政府官員。
A Customs official checked their passports.
一位海關(guān)官員檢查了他們的護(hù)照。
official也可以指“高級官員”：
Bank officials get high salaries.
銀行高級職員的工薪很高。
employee泛指“雇員”、“雇工”(包括各個層次的)：
In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which had seven hundred employees.
幾年之后，小鋪子已經(jīng)發(fā)展成一個雇有700人的大工廠。
Later he became a government employee.
后來他成了一名公務(wù)員/政府雇員。
shop assistant在英國英語中表示零售店的“店員”(相當(dāng)于美國英語中的salesclerk)：
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
2.hang, hung, hung與hang, hanged, hanged
當(dāng)hang表示“懸掛”時，其過去式與過去分詞均為hung：
A painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hand and slowed the clock down.
一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上，把針弄慢
了。
I'm hanging this picture on the wall.
我正把這幅畫掛到墻上去。
當(dāng)hang表示“絞死”、“吊死”或“上吊”時，其過去式、過去分詞均為 hanged：
As he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.
他已殺了3個人，他應(yīng)當(dāng)被絞死。
I wonder why she hanged herself.
我納悶/想知道她為何上吊自殺。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
C 1 shall have been working
2 have finished
D 1 had to go
2 should/ought to buy
3 should/ ought to have telephoned
2.難點練習(xí)答案
1 shop assistant 2 hung 3 hanged
3.多項選擇題答案
1b 2d 3b 4b 5c 6c
7d 8b 9b 10c 11b 12a
