新概念英語第二冊詳解第49課: The end of a dream
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
tired adj. 厭煩的
real adj. 真正的
owner n. 主人
spring n. 彈簧
mattress n. 床墊
gust n. 一陣風(fēng)
sweep v. 掃，刮
courtyard n. 院子
smash v. 碰碎，摔碎
miraculously adv. 奇跡般地
unhurt adj. 沒有受傷的
glance v. 掃視
promptly adv. 迅速地
參考譯文
德黑蘭的一個人年輕人由于對睡地板感到厭倦，于是積蓄多年買了一張真正的床。他平生第一次自豪地擁有了一張既有彈簧又帶床墊的床。由于天氣很熱，他便把床搬到了他的屋頂上。頭兩天晚上，他睡得非常好。但第三天晚上起了風(fēng)暴。一陣大風(fēng)把床從屋頂上刮了下來，把它摔碎在下面的院子里。那年輕人直到床撞到地上才醒了過來。盡管床摔成了碎片，但年輕人卻奇跡地沒有受傷。他醒來時，仍然躺在床墊上。年輕人看了一眼周圍的碎木片和碎金屬片，傷心地撿起了床墊，把它拿進了屋。他把床墊往地板上一放，很快又睡著了。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. 德黑蘭的一個年輕人由于對睡地板感到厭倦，于是積蓄多年買了一張真正的床。
(1)tired引導(dǎo)的分詞短語省略了開頭的being，其作用相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句：As he was tired of…。sleeping為動名詞，作介詞of的賓語。
(2)save up為固定短語，表示“儲蓄”、“攢錢”：
I want to get married in one or two years, so I'm trying to save(some money)up.
我想一兩年之間內(nèi)結(jié)婚，所以我在設(shè)法攢錢。
(3)to在這里用于表示目的，相當(dāng)于in order to：
I got up early to have a swim.
為了游泳我起了個大早。
2.…he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.……他便把床搬到了他的屋頂上。
介詞onto可拼寫成一個詞，也可拼寫成兩個詞(on to)。它用于表示動作方向而不用于表示靜態(tài)的位置(與into相似)：
I put the pen onto/ on the table.
我把筆放到桌子上。
The pen is on the table.
筆在桌子上。(不可用onto/ on to)onto/ on to有時可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：
Mr. Thompson jumped onto the stage.
湯普森先生跳上了臺上。
Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage.
湯普森先生在臺上跳了跳。
3.A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof…一陣大風(fēng)把床從屋頂上刮了下來……
gust表示“一陣強風(fēng)”、“一陣狂風(fēng)”，既可以單獨使用，也可以用a gust of wind形式：
A gust(of wind) blew my hat off.
一陣大風(fēng)吹掉了我的帽子。
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.
雖然當(dāng)時陣陣狂風(fēng)吹著，她還是出發(fā)了。
4.The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.那年輕人直到床撞到地上才醒了過來。
not…until表示“直到……才”。until后面與表示某一點的時間狀語連用。它前面沒有not時，與表示一段時間的“持續(xù)動詞”連用;有not時，常用表示某一時間點的動詞(或叫瞬間動詞)連用：
I'll stay here until Monday.
我要在這兒呆到星期一。
I won't leave until Monday.
我要到星期一才離開。
5.to pieces, 粉碎地，成碎片地。
The cup was broken to pieces.
杯子摔成了碎片。
6.Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man…
年輕人看了一眼周圍的碎木片和碎金屬片……
(1)glancing為現(xiàn)在分詞，它引導(dǎo)的短語相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句：After he glanced at…
(2)動詞glance的主要含義為“看一眼”、“掃視”：
Ian glanced at his watch and left the room.
伊恩看了一眼手表，然后離開了房間。
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.
喬一邊和我聊天，一邊瀏覽報紙。
(3)that引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句修飾the bits of wood and metal, that在從句中作主語。
語法 Grammar in use
復(fù)合句的語序 (Word order in complex statements)
復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成方法可以是把簡單句連接在一起。但與并列句不同，它的各個組成部分并非同等重要，其中總有一個獨立分句(或稱“主句”)和一個或一個以上從屬分句(或稱“從句”)，主句往往可以獨立存在。復(fù)合句可用兩種方法構(gòu)成。一是用連詞把從句與主句連接起來;二是用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或不定式，它們構(gòu)成復(fù)合句的一部分，因為它們可以用從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來。
(1)用連詞連接的復(fù)合句
A 在復(fù)合句中，從句可以是名詞從句(即起名詞的作用)。在句子中，它可以作主語、賓語或be等系動詞的表語，一般由that引導(dǎo)，有時也用what(疑問詞引導(dǎo)的除外)：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我知道會議將要推遲。(賓語)
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
會議將被推遲現(xiàn)已確定無疑。(主語，that不可省略)
B 也可以是關(guān)系(或形容詞)從句，關(guān)系代詞通常有who, whom, that, which和whose。(cf.第28課語法)
C 也可以是狀語(或副詞)從句。時間狀語從句一般回答When?形式的問題，并可以用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等：
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
他自從休假回來就一直病著。
地點狀語從句回答Where?形式的問題，可以由where, everywhere, anywhere等連詞來引導(dǎo)：
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/ everywhere you like in Europe for just over ￡ 100.
你如持有專票，僅花一百多一點英鎊，就可以到歐洲各地旅行。
方式狀語從句回答How?形式的問題，可以由連詞as或短語in the way(that)等引導(dǎo)。方式狀語從句一般置于主句之后：
Type this again as/in the way(that) I showed you just now.
按我剛才告訴你的那樣把這再打一遍。
方式狀語從句在動詞be, feel, seem, appear等后面也可以由連詞as if和as though來引導(dǎo)：
It feels as if/ though it's going to rain.
這天氣給人的感覺好像是就要下雨了。
原因狀語從句一般回答Why?形式的問題，可以由because, as 等引導(dǎo)：
He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.
他因為累了，所以睡覺比平時早。
As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.
既然你自己不能去，那你就請?zhí)K珊替你去吧。
條件狀語從句可由if及其他連詞引導(dǎo)。(cf.第16課與第40課語法)讓步狀語從句使句子具有對比的因素，它們一般由連詞although, though, even though, even if等引導(dǎo)：
He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.
雖然他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他考試還是沒及格。
Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
(譯文同上)
目的狀語從句可由so that, in order that等連詞引導(dǎo)：
I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.
我到得很早，以便能買到票。
結(jié)果狀語從句描述結(jié)果，可由so+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)，也可由such(a)+(形容詞)+名詞+that來引導(dǎo)：
She was so angry that she left immediately.
她非常生氣，立刻就走了。
There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.
下這么大的雨，我們都出不了門了。
比較狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)包括as+形容詞/副詞+as, not so/as…as，形容詞/副詞的比較級+than, more…than, less…than 等：
He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得和他妹妹/姐姐一樣快。
He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得不如他妹妹/姐姐那樣快。
He moves more slowly than his sister(does).
他行動起來比他妹妹/姐姐慢。
(2)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句
A 用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以代替時間從句、原因從句、關(guān)系從句等：
I got very angry speaking to them.
和他們談話時我變得非常生氣。(時間)
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
我覺得很累，所以睡得比平時早。(原因)
The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.
8點鐘到的這趟列車是從倫敦來的。(代替關(guān)系從句)
現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這種用法僅限于兩個動作的主語一致的時候。用它代替時間從句時，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示的動作如果發(fā)生在前，則分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要位于主語前;如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生，那么分詞結(jié)構(gòu)既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后：
Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)門沒上鎖，就走進房間。(有前后)
Working with them, I got very angry.
同他們一起工作時我很生氣。(同時)
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)位于主句前面時，要用逗號隔開。
B 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)常用于比較正式的文體，往往代替被動語態(tài)：
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
在一次事故中被撞壞后，那輛車現(xiàn)已修好。
(3)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句
這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常可以代替表示目的或表示條件的狀語從句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
要進入大學(xué)你必須通過一系列考試。
I borrowed some money to get a new car.
為了買輛新車，我借了些錢。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word stusdy
1.sweep vt.
(1)掃，打掃：
She sweeps the floor/ the room every morning.
她每天早上掃地/打掃房間。
The room is swept clean.
房間被打掃干凈了。
(2)(風(fēng))吹，刮：
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.
一陣大風(fēng)把床從屋頂上刮了下來。
The newspaper has been swept away by the wind.
報紙被風(fēng)吹走了。
2.smash vt., vi.
(1)打碎，摔碎，(使)碎裂：
The bed was smashed to pieces.
床摔成了碎片。
The man smashed a window and got into the room.
那人打碎了一扇窗，然后進了房間。
The cup smashed on the floor.
杯子掉在地板上摔碎了。
(2)重擊，毆打，猛砸/撞：
Why didn't you smash the man with your fist?
你為什么不用拳頭狠狠揍那人一頓?
A car smashed into the wall.
一輛車撞到了墻上。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A to buy(1.2) ;which(1.3); Because(11.3-4); but(1.5); and(1.7); until(1.8); Although(1.8); When(1.9);that(1.10); and(1.10); After(1.11)
2.多項選擇題答案
1 d 2 a 3b 4a 5b 6c
7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11a 12 a
課堂筆記
be tired of：對......感到厭倦
如果一個名詞和一個代詞分別做主句和從句地主語，能把事物說清楚地名詞
習(xí)慣放在主句做主語
用形容詞短語直接做狀語
tired of sleeping on the floor
Worried about my daughter，Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy
i went home tired
i went home excited
for the first time in one's life平生第一次
for the first two nights頭兩天晚上
i study hard for the first two three days
blow up風(fēng)越刮越大
speak up大聲點
below：直接放在被修飾詞之后作定語
一個句子中不能出現(xiàn)兩個動詞：
如果出現(xiàn)了兩個動詞，用and，but連接;或者把其中一個作為非謂語動詞】
although：though
crash直接用主動形式，smash一般用作及物動詞
glancing at=be glancing
只有謂語動詞才會把它變成集中時態(tài)
key structures
主語從句
what i say ...
賓語從句
i am sorry (that) i am late
定語從句
狀語從句
原因狀語because，as，since
條件狀語if，
時間狀語until，after，before，as
結(jié)果狀語
目的狀語to
following his mom，he went there
followed by his mom，he went there
letter writing
寫business letter，參照范本
multiple choice
3、_______the hot weather，...
because， as， for+句子：不能加詞組
because the weather is hot...
5、How_____...
how對形容詞或者副詞提問
how本題中，對程度副詞提問
the tree is tall
how tall is the tree
he sang songs beautifully
how beautifully did he sing
6、where...?______
down在......下(向下);go down，sit down
under prep. +賓語
7、..._______around him
...that lay around him定語從句
laying(lay) vt 放;lay the eff
lying(lie)vi lie in bed
laid(lay)vt
lie，lied，lied撒謊
過去分詞屬于非謂語動詞，做定語時與被修飾詞形成被動關(guān)系
8。...very_____.
a gust of wind 一陣風(fēng)
hard修飾動詞，表示程度大
9....it _______the courtyard
crash vi 從上往下掉，摔碎
smash vt 敲擊
knock v 敲擊
explode v 爆炸
struck v 撞擊
11....he______...
glance at(漫不經(jīng)心的)掃視
look quickly at快速地看
had a glimpse of(無意識的)看
stare at 盯著看
watch 注視，密切關(guān)注
