新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)詳解第15課:佳音 Good news

　　一．詞匯：

　　1.tell 和say

　　tell sb. (about) sth.告訴某人（關(guān)于）某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事

　　tell后面必須加賓語(yǔ) say 則不用

　　say sth(hello,good morning..) to sb.跟某人說(shuō)什么 Say to sb.跟某人說(shuō)

　　所以用于間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)候 tell sb (that)+從句 say (that)+從句

　　2. nervous [形容詞]緊張的，神經(jīng)的

　　Don't be nervous！Take it easy！別緊張，放輕松。 feel nervous 感到緊張

　　be nervous of sth. / be nervous of doing sth.

　　例句：I am very nervous of making speeches on public.

　　我對(duì)于在公眾面前演講這件事特別緊張。

　　3.look up 向上看， 查字典

　　look up ①抬頭看，仰視 ②指（商業(yè)、前途）改善，轉(zhuǎn)好

　　例句：The unemployment situation in this country is looking up.

　　這個(gè)國(guó)家的失業(yè)狀況正在改善。

　　短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：look sb. up （順便）拜訪, 探望某人 look sth. up 查閱（詞典或資料）

　　4.afford (v.)負(fù)擔(dān)得起

　　afford sth. aford to do sth.

　　afford常常與can, could, be able to 連用，表示擔(dān)負(fù)得起費(fèi)用(損失、后果等), 花費(fèi)得起, 經(jīng)受得住; 抽得出(時(shí)間)等等之類(lèi)的意思，例如：can't afford to buy sth.買(mǎi)不起...

　　can't afford to waste sth.浪費(fèi)不起

　　It affords pleasure to me.這使我很高興。

　　5.turn (n.)輪到（一次機(jī)會(huì)） It is your turn.輪到你了。

　　(v.) Turn left/right. 向左/右轉(zhuǎn)在這篇課文里，turn作名詞，表示輪到……機(jī)會(huì)。

　　短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：by turns 輪流的，逐個(gè)的

　　take turns 輪流，后加at sth.或to do sth.

　　例句：We take turns to clean this house every week.

　　我們每周輪流打掃房子。

　　6.weak 微弱的，瘦弱的

　　weak系常用詞, 指"健康不佳的"、"身體某部分虛弱無(wú)力的", 指事物時(shí), 意為"軟弱的"、"無(wú)力的"、"不能抵擋攻擊的", He felt weak after illness.病愈后他感到虛弱。文中作者用來(lái)形容自己害怕心慌到聲音發(fā)虛。

　　a weak character薄弱的意志

　　weak eyesight視力弱

　　in a weak voice He is strong/weak .

　　7.voice 聲音(人聲，或是悅耳的聲音) sound 泛指所有聲音 noise 噪音

　　8. interrupt v. 插話, 打斷 后面賓語(yǔ)可加可不加

　　9.extra 額外的 extra work 額外的工作（加班）

　　10.enter =go into 進(jìn)入

　　11、business

　　在英語(yǔ)中business含義很豐富，可表示商業(yè)，貿(mào)易，也可表示公司、商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)等。這里的business是指生意。

　　例句：His father asks him to go into business after college study.

　　他父親要他畢業(yè)后踏足商界。

　　習(xí)語(yǔ)知識(shí)：Business is business.

　　公事公辦。

　　二．語(yǔ)法：間接引語(yǔ) （陳述句）

　　用法：把某人所說(shuō)的話告訴另外一個(gè)人時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用間接引語(yǔ)。

　　引述陳述句時(shí)最常用的動(dòng)詞是say和tell，tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓語(yǔ)（tell sb.），而say后面則可跟或不跟to+講話對(duì)象。（文中用紅字標(biāo)出）

　　遵從以下幾點(diǎn)

　　1、時(shí)態(tài)變化：

　　① 主句的動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 從句為任意時(shí)態(tài)

　?、?主句的動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí), 從句為相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（時(shí)態(tài)倒移）

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-->　一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-->　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-->　過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)-->　過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)-->　過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成則不變

　　2、人稱變化：主要是第一和第二人稱變化

　　3、只要屬于賓語(yǔ)從句, 引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略

　　4、時(shí)間或是關(guān)鍵詞的變化：直接引語(yǔ)->間接引語(yǔ)中的用法

　?。╰his->that ,these->those ,now ->then, today ->that day ,

　　yesterday ->the day before, tomorrow ->the next day, here ->there）等。

　　原文中引語(yǔ)的變化：

　　1.間接引語(yǔ)變直接引語(yǔ)

　　The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.

　　The secretary told me "Mr. Harmsworth will see you ."

　　After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.

　　After I had sat down, he said " Business is very bad."

　　He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.

　　He told me "The firm can not afford to pay such large salaries."

　　Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

　　Then he smiled and told me "You will receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

　　2.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)

　　'Don't interrupt,' he said.

　　He asked me not to interrupt.

　　注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1.當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)須改變

　　如： Our teacher said to us, "Light travels faster than sound." -->

　　Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

　　老師告訴我們光比聲傳播的快。（此內(nèi)容為?？伎键c(diǎn)，類(lèi)似還有太陽(yáng)東升西落）

　　2. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是諺語(yǔ)、格言時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)須改變

　　如： He said，"Practice makes perfect." -->

　　He said that practice makes perfect.

　　他說(shuō)熟能生巧。

　　3. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell/ask sb (not) to do sth."句型。

　　如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children.

　　→She told/asked the children not to make any noise.

　　"Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.

　　→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

　　后序：還有些關(guān)于疑問(wèn)句的直接變間接，下次再給大家總結(jié)，希望大家能從今天的課堂內(nèi)容上收獲你們所需要的內(nèi)容。

　　新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第15課直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

　　將所給直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞：

　　1. "I never eat meat." he said.

　　He said that ______ never ______ meat.

　　2. "I've found my wallet." he said to me.

　　He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.

　　3. "I took it home with me." she said.

　　She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.

　　4. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west."

　　The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.

　　5. "I met her yesterday." he said to me.

　　He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.

　　6. "You must come here before five." he said.

　　He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.

　　7. "I bought the house 10 years ago." he said.

　　He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.

　　8. "Did you see her last week？" he said.

　　He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　9. He said, "You can sit here, Jim."

　　He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there

　　10. He asked, "How did you find it, mother？"

　　He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.

　　11. "Where have you been these days？" he asked.

　　He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.

　　12. "Do you know where she lives？" he asked.

　　He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.

　　13. "Stop making so much noise, children." he said.

　　He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.

　　14. "Don't tell him the news." she said.

　　She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.

　　15. "Are you intested in this？" he said.

　　He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.

　　【參考答案】

　　1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his

　　3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes

　　5. told, had, before 6. had, there

　　7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before

　　9. told, could 10. how, she, had

　　11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived

　　13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell

　　15. asked, if [whether], that