GMAT邏輯反對題型分析

　　反對題型的正確答案是放在論證推理和結(jié)論之間，使段落推理成立或結(jié)論正確的可能性降低的選項，即對段落推理的作用與支持題型中的剛好相反。在解答反對題型時很常見的一個錯誤是選擇帶有論證和結(jié)論中的關(guān)鍵詞而答案本身卻對結(jié)論無任何影響的選項。反對的選項比支持要靈活的多，只要是能削弱對所得出結(jié)論的支持即可。因此，正確答案可能并無論證和結(jié)論中的關(guān)鍵詞，而那些帶有關(guān)鍵詞的選項就具有很大的迷惑性。我們通過以下這個例子來看看這種常見錯誤的表現(xiàn)形式和GMAT攻略。

　　A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?

　　(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.

　　(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.

　　(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.

　　(D) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.

　　本GMAT邏輯題的正確答案為A，但在GMAT考試進(jìn)行選擇時我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)A中所涉及到的關(guān)鍵詞最少，所以這個答案也是最容易忽略掉的。但是通過閱讀我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，A答案傳達(dá)的意思是年紀(jì)小一些的孩子可能不能區(qū)分故事中的壞事是否是有意造成的，因此即使年紀(jì)小一些的孩子確實認(rèn)為人們的意愿是相關(guān)因素，他們在這里也可能不能夠應(yīng)用這項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過這樣的理解，我們可以知道A削弱了對于該結(jié)論的支持。

　　選項B和E是對該結(jié)論的支持，起碼不會反對該結(jié)論，所以容易被排除。

　　選項C和D最容易干擾解題思路，因為他們都帶有關(guān)鍵詞，但是由于其論述對結(jié)論沒有什么影響，相對于A而言也不是理想的答案。