國家地理:移植的臉如何改變了一名女子的生活(4)

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Look in the mirror again. Think about what you can do with that face. You can kiss the ones you love, bite into an apple, sing, and sigh. You can smell freshly cut grass. You can gaze at your newborn and touch your cheek to his. Beyond showing (or not showing) our emotions, faces enhance our ability to communicate with language. We smile, we wrinkle our noses, we wink, we grimace, we perform countless expressions as we converse, often without even realizing it.

再照照鏡子，想想你能用這張臉做什么。你可以親吻你愛的人、咬一口蘋果、唱歌、嘆氣。你可以聞到剛割下的青草的味道。你可以凝視你的新生兒，撫摸他的臉頰。除了表達(dá)（或不表達(dá)）我們的情感外，面部表情還能增強(qiáng)我們與語言交流的能力。我們微笑，我們皺著鼻子，我們眨著眼睛，我們做著鬼臉，當(dāng)我們交談的時(shí)候，我們做出了無數(shù)的表情，常常連自己都沒有意識(shí)到。

Now visualize what goes on beneath that astonishing face. We have 43 mimetic muscles to express emotion and articulate speech. We have four major muscles on each side of the face that move the jaws and complex lingual muscles that assist in swallowing and speech. The face is also made up of layers of blood vessels, sensory and motor nerves, cartilage, bone, and fat. Cranial nerves control the motor muscles and transmit sensory information to the brain, enabling us to see, smell, taste, hear, and feel sensation on the skin.

現(xiàn)在想象一下那張?bào)@人的臉下面發(fā)生了什么。我們有43塊模仿肌肉來表達(dá)情感和語言。我們的面部?jī)蓚?cè)各有4塊主要肌肉，它們活動(dòng)著下顎和復(fù)雜的舌肌，幫助吞咽和說話。面部也由血管、感覺和運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)、軟骨、骨骼以及脂肪組成。顱神經(jīng)控制運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉，將感官信息傳遞給大腦，使我們能夠看到、聞到、嘗到、聽到和感受到皮膚上的感覺。

Go back to the mirror one more time. Look at your incredible face. Imagine what it would mean to lose it.

再回到鏡子前，看看你那張不可思議的臉。想象一下失去它將意味著什么。