大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 unit 14

[00:00.00]Unit 14 text A [00:05.09]The importance of Being Kind and Polite [00:08.22]友善和禮貌的重要性 [00:11.34]"Frankly, I think you're boring." [00:13.86]"老實說,我覺得你很乏味." [00:16.38]Why do we seldom hear people speak so honestly? [00:19.50]為什么我們很少聽到人們說話如此坦城? [00:22.62]Unless you want to end a relationship, [00:25.00]除非你想結(jié)束與他或她的關(guān)系, [00:27.38]you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this. [00:30.80]你當(dāng)然不會像這樣告訴他或她你的真實想法. [00:34.22]Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps, [00:37.55]如果一個朋友向你展示他的集郵冊,你絲毫未被打動; [00:40.88]yawning when a golfer tells you about that great shot he made on the 14th hole, [00:44.85]如果一個高爾球手告訴你他在打第十四洞時打了如何漂亮的一桿,而你卻打了個哈欠; [00:48.82]or falling asleep when friends show picturesfrom their last trip to Sault Ste. Marie are all things that educated people try not to do. [00:55.41]或者當(dāng)朋友們向你炫耀他們上次蘇圣瑪麗之旅的照片時,你卻睡著了,這些都是有教養(yǎng)的人所盡力避免的行為 [01:01.99]This is what manners are about: [01:04.88]這就是禮義的內(nèi)容: [01:07.76]acting in a civilized way to avoid misunderstanding friction, and conflict. [01:12.08]以文明的方式行事,避免誤解,摩擦和沖突. [01:16.41]There are no laws enforcing respect. [01:18.93]并沒有法律強迫你去遵重別人. [01:21.45]Yet we cannot interact with others without some rules of behavior, [01:25.07]然而我們與別人打交道卻不能沒有一定的行為準(zhǔn)則, [01:28.69]rules that are set by some form of social consensus. [01:31.86]這些準(zhǔn)則是由某種形式的社會公論所決定的. [01:35.03]These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable [01:38.72]這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代表了大多數(shù)人的意見, [01:42.40]and what they consider unacceptable. [01:44.99]認(rèn)為什么可以接受,什么不可以接受. [01:47.57]Rude people are those whose behavior shows little respect for the rules that the majority follow. [01:52.44]某些人的行為很少尊重大多數(shù)的所遵從的準(zhǔn)則,他們就是粗魯?shù)娜? [01:57.32]For instance, because they talk at home while the television is on [02:00.86]比如,因為人們在家看電視的時候可以談話, [02:04.40]many people think they can talk at movies as well. [02:07.57]很多人就認(rèn)為在電影院里照樣可以談話. [02:10.74]They are not even aware that this habit will botherthe other members of the audience. [02:15.01]他們甚至意識不到這個習(xí)慣會影響其他觀眾. [02:19.28]Restaurants have smoking and non-smoking sections, [02:22.52]餐館設(shè)有煙區(qū)和非吸煙區(qū), [02:25.76]and most smokers are polite enough to ask, [02:28.40]而且多數(shù)吸煙者在點煙以前總會禮貌地問一句, [02:31.04]"Do you mind if I smoke?" before lighting up. [02:33.86]"我吸煙您介意嗎?" [02:36.68]Restaurants should also have cellular-phone and no-cellu-hr-phone sections [02:41.07]餐館也應(yīng)設(shè)移動電話或非移動電話區(qū). [02:45.46]A new class of rude people has been born: [02:48.24]一種新的舉止粗魯?shù)碾A層正在興起: [02:51.02]the look-at-me phone users whoee boring conversationsare just as dan-gerous to our mental health [02:56.40]就是那些"看我多神氣"的打電話的人.他們乏味的電話聊天就像煙霧 [03:01.79]as smoke is to our lungs. [03:04.06]有害于肺部一樣危害著人們的精神健康. [03:06.33]Sometimes, it is better to remain unknown [03:09.52]有時候,與其讓別人憎恨, [03:12.71]than to make people hate you. [03:14.89]還不如自己默默無聞. [03:17.07]There are many children and adolescents whose behavior is gener-ally unacceptable. [03:21.44]很多兒童和青少年的舉止總的來說不可接受. [03:25.82]They swear no matter who is around them [03:28.39]不管身邊有誰,他們照樣罵人, [03:30.96]they listen to their Walkmans while the teacher is talking to them. [03:34.24]老師和他們談話的時候,他們都照樣聽"隨身聽". [03:37.52]Indifferent parents who refuse to discipline their childrenare not helping them. [03:41.84]滿不在乎的家長拒絕用紀(jì)律約束孩子,這不是在幫自己的子女. [03:46.17]Kids who have no idea what being polite meanswill pay the price sooner or later. [03:50.90]不知禮貌為何物的孩子們遲早是要付出代價的. [03:55.62]When they join the work force, [03:58.11]當(dāng)他們工作以后, [04:00.59]their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people [04:05.37]老板和同事早晚會察覺這些舉止粗魯?shù)哪贻p人 [04:10.15]is closer to that of animals than civilized individuals. [04:13.69]更像動物而不像文明人. [04:17.23]When they lose a few contracts because they [04:19.96]當(dāng)他們因談話時滿嘴食物 [04:22.69]talk with their mouth full or when they say "Bob" to someone who should be "Mr.Johnson," [04:26.92]而丟掉了幾個合同,或本應(yīng)稱"約翰遜先生"但卻叫他"鮑勃"時, [04:31.15]these grown-up kids,because of their ignorance, [04:34.02]這些長大了的孩子們,由于他們的無知, [04:36.90]will never understand why others are getting aheadand they are not. [04:40.72]永遠(yuǎn)不明白為什么別人在取得成功,而自己卻不能. [04:44.55]Every little bit of kindness helps. [04:47.44]每一丁點的友善都會讓人受益匪淺. [04:50.32]With manners,the best rule is the one that works. [04:53.50]對于儀態(tài)來說,什么奏效,什么就是最好的準(zhǔn)則. [04:56.67]It is easier to look and sound attractive when we are nice to other people [05:00.40]當(dāng)我們和顏悅色待人時,我們更容易看上去并聽起來都充滿魅力. [05:04.12]Being polite and showing respectcan give us an edge. [05:07.94]彬彬有禮和尊重別人 [05:11.77]Why do we need an edge? [05:13.85]會使我們占有優(yōu)勢? [05:15.92]Success in life often starts with a job we like, [05:19.35]生活中的成功總是開始于一份我們喜歡的工作, [05:22.77]and since getting a job is usually based on making the right impression, [05:26.45]而給人一個好印象是得到一份工作的關(guān)鍵, [05:30.14]it is always a good idea to be kind and polite. [05:33.91]所以和善待人,彬彬有禮永遠(yuǎn)不失為一個好主意. [05:37.68]Text B [05:40.56]Why We Walk in Circles [05:42.69]為什么我們走路會轉(zhuǎn)圈 [05:44.82]"Pin the Tail on the Donkey" [05:46.74]"給驢安尾" [05:48.66]is always funwhen you're watchlng rather than pinning. [05:51.24]的游戲就永遠(yuǎn)樂趣無窮.如果你只是旁觀者而不是游戲者, [05:53.83]It is somewhat'surprising to see how the blindfolded performers act. [05:56.91]觀看那些蒙著眼的游戲者的表現(xiàn)有點讓人驚奇. [05:59.99]Instead of going straight,they always wander off to one side or the other [06:03.38]他們總是歪向這邊或那邊,而不是一直向前走. [06:06.76]The greater the distance to the donkey, the farther they go astray. [06:10.00]距離驢子越遠(yuǎn),他們偏得越厲害. [06:13.24]Have you ever wondered why they are unable to walk straight ahead? [06:16.06]你是否會問為什么他們不能走直線行走呢? [06:18.88]It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle [06:21.41]這是一個眾所周知的事實, [06:23.95]when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction. [06:26.43]即當(dāng)一上人不能用眼睛控制他的方向時,他會繞圈走. [06:28.91]Dark nights, dense fogs, blinding snowstorms, [06:32.03]黑夜,濃霧,讓人盲目的暴風(fēng)雪天氣 [06:35.15]thick forests all these can keep a traveler from seeing where he is going [06:38.58]以及茂密的森林－－所有這些都使旅行者看不清自己的去向． [06:42.00]Then he is unable to move in any fixed direction, but walks in circles. [06:45.83]于是他就不能沿著某一固定的方向行走，而是繞田圈子． [06:49.65]Animals act the same way. [06:51.53]動物也是如此． [06:53.41]You have probably heard the saying [06:55.61]你可能聽說過一句諺語： [06:57.80]"running around like a chicken with its head cut off." [07:00.32]＂像被砍掉頭的雞一樣繞圈．＂ [07:02.84]Well, a chicken with its head cut off actually does run around in circles. [07:05.78]真的，頭被砍掉的雞還真昌繞著圈子跑． [07:08.72]Blind birds fly in circles. [07:10.99]眼瞎的鳥兒也是繞圈子飛． [07:13.27]And a blindfolded dog will swim in circles. [07:16.05]還有，被蒙朧住眼睛的狗游泳時也繞著圈游． [07:18.83]A Norwegian biologist, F.O. Guldbergdecided [07:21.91]一位挪威生物學(xué)家古爾伯格 [07:25.00]that this problem of circular movementwas worth investigating. [07:28.26]認(rèn)為這種轉(zhuǎn)圈運動問題值得研究． [07:31.53]He collected many true stories on the subject. [07:34.16]就此課題了收集了許多真實的故事． [07:36.80]One of his stories is about people rowing on a lake [07:39.44]其中一個故事是講在一個有霧的黑漆漆的夜里， [07:42.08]during a fog on a dark night. [07:44.05]一群人在湖上劃船． [07:46.02]One group of rowers who tried to cross three miles of water [07:49.05]這群劃船的人想穿過3英里的水面 [07:52.08]in foggy weathernever succeeded in reaching their goal. [07:54.62]卻怎么也達不到他們的目標(biāo). [07:57.15]Without knowing it,they rowed in two large circles. [08:00.48]他們不知不覺地劃了兩個大圓圈. [08:03.81]When they finally got to the shore, [08:06.14]當(dāng)他們終于靠岸時, [08:08.46]they discovered that they were at the spot they had started from. [08:11.19]發(fā)現(xiàn)又回到了出發(fā)的地方. [08:13.92]After studying many stories such as this, [08:16.74]研究了許多這樣的故事以后, [08:19.57]Professor Guldberg wrote an article in which he discussed [08:22.54]古爾伯格教授撰文討論了 [08:25.52]Circular Motion as the Basic Motion of Animals. [08:28.30]"轉(zhuǎn)圈運動是動物的基本運動方式". [08:31.09]"A simple example will help you to understand his explanation ofwhy we walk in circles. [08:35.02]一個簡單的例子可以幫助你理解他對為什么我們走路會轉(zhuǎn)圈這個問題做的解釋. [08:38.95]Have you ever wound up a toy automobile and started it off across the floor? [08:42.42]你曾經(jīng)給一輛玩具汽車上滿發(fā)條并讓它們地板上跑過嗎? [08:45.90]Then you know that it will rarely travel in a straight path. [08:48.47]那么你就知道它很少能沿一條直線運動. [08:51.04]It will travel, instead, in some kind of are, or curve. [08:54.02]相反,它會跑成一條弧線或一條曲線. [08:57.00]If it is to travel in a straight llne, [08:59.02]如果讓它跑成直線, [09:01.05]the wheels on both sideshave to be of exactly equal size. [09:04.22]兩邊的輪子就要完全一樣大小. [09:07.40]If they are not, [09:09.07]如果不是, [09:10.74]the little automobile turns toward the sidewith the smaller wheels. [09:13.86]小玩具汽車就會向較小的輪子那邊轉(zhuǎn). [09:16.98]Circular, movement in walking is caused in much the same way. [09:20.16]行走時的轉(zhuǎn)圈現(xiàn)象 也是由十分相同的原因引起的. [09:23.33]Us-ally a manwalking will "watch his step" and "look where he is going." [09:27.25]通常一個人走路時會"注意腳下"并"看清方向". [09:31.17]He needs his senses' especially his eyesto get to the point he intends to reach. [09:35.14]他需要運用他的感覺,特別是眼睛,以到達自己要去的地方. [09:39.11]When he cannot use his eyes to guide his steps, [09:41.77]當(dāng)他不能用眼睛引導(dǎo)腳步時, [09:44.44]he will walk straight only if he takes a stepof the same length with each foot. [09:47.47]只有兩腳邁出的步伐完全一樣他才能走得筆直. [09:50.50]In most people,however,muscle development is not the same in both legs [09:54.18]然而對于多數(shù)人來說,兩腿的肌肉發(fā)達程度并不一樣, [09:57.86]so that it is probable that the steps will be uneven. [10:00.44]所以走起步來很可能不勻稱. [10:03.01]The difference may be so small that no one is aware of it. [10:05.69]這種差異也許很小以至于沒有人會注意到它. [10:08.37]But small as his, it can cause circular movement. [10:11.25]但是雖然差異很小,它卻能千百萬邊境轉(zhuǎn)圈移動. [10:14.14]Let us suppose that a man's left foot takes a step 20 inches long [10:17.67]假設(shè)一個人左腳每步走20英寸 [10:21.19]and that his right foot takes a step 30 inches long. [10:24.08]而右腳每步走30英寸. [10:26.96]Now suppose he takes ten step [10:29.34]現(xiàn)在假設(shè)他走了10步 [10:31.72]--five with his left footand five with his right. [10:34.40]----左腳5步右腳5步. [10:37.07]His left foot will travel 100 inches. [10:39.56]其左腳將走100英寸. [10:42.04]His right foot will travel 150 inches. [10:44.82]其右腳則走了150英寸. [10:47.60]This sounds impossible. One foot cannot remain 50 inches behind the other [10:51.53]這聽起來不太可能.一只腳不可能落后于另一只腳50英寸. [10:55.46]What really happens?At each step the man turns a little bit to the left. [10:59.29]事實會怎樣呢?每走一步,這個人就往左偏一點. [11:03.12]Sooner or later he makes a complete circle [11:05.69]遲早他就會走完整的一圈. [11:08.26]The tracks of his feet, however, make two circles, one inside the other [11:12.00]他的足跡,就這樣,形成內(nèi)外兩個圈. [11:15.74]His left foot makes the smaller circle because it is taking smaller steps [11:19.00]他的左腳走了內(nèi)圈,因為左腳步伐較小. [11:22.27]His right foot makes the larger circle because it is taking larger steps [11:25.83]他的右腳走了外圈,因為右腳步伐較大. [11:29.40]This is why a person may walk in an are when he sets out in a straight line. [11:32.88]這就是一個人往前走直線卻反而走出弧線來的原因. [11:36.37]The muscles of a man's arms are no more identical than the muscles of his legs [11:40.09]一個人手臂的肌肉和他的兩腿的肌肉一樣不是完全相同的. [11:43.82]This explains why the rowers who set out to cross the lakeat night rowed in a circle. [11:47.70]這就解釋了為什么劃船的人在夜間想劃過湖面反而卻劃成圓圈. [11:51.58]By the same rule, a bird's wings do not develop evenly [11:54.81]同樣的規(guī)則 ,鳥兒的翅膀也發(fā)育不均衡, [11:58.05]and so it will fly in circles when blinded. [12:00.48]于是當(dāng)蒙住鳥兒的眼睛時,它就會轉(zhuǎn)圈飛. [12:02.91]Thus,dear readers,our circular mystery has a very straight answer. [12:06.39]因此,親愛的讀者,我們的圓圈奧秘卻有著一個非常直截了當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?

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