歷年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯2004年

[00:05.27]2004 [00:07.59]The relation of language and mind [00:09.70]has interested philosophers for many centuries. [00:13.13](1) [00:13.88]that the structure of language had some connection [00:16.61]with the process of thought, [00:18.42]which took root in Europe long before people realized [00:21.16]how diverse languages could be.> [00:23.67]Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages [00:28.31]that were very different from their own. [00:30.95]Two anthropologist-linguists, [00:33.06]Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, [00:35.48]were pioneers in describing many native languages [00:38.62]of North and South America [00:40.24]during the first half of the twentieth century. [00:43.07](2) [00:44.44]because some of these languages have since vanished, [00:47.27]as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated [00:50.70]and lost their native languages.> [00:53.22]Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, [00:56.14]however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data [00:59.44]from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful. [01:03.11](3) [01:04.72]were often so strikingly different [01:06.95]from the well studied languages [01:08.39]of Europe and Southeast Asia [01:10.22]that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir [01:13.19]of fabricating their data.> [01:15.51]Native American languages are indeed different, [01:18.43]so much so in fact that Navajo [01:20.68]could be used by the US military [01:23.02]as a code during World War II [01:24.94]to send secret messages. [01:27.13]Sapir's pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, [01:29.92]continued the study of American Indian languages. [01:33.24](4) [01:36.87]Whorf developed the idea [01:38.17]that the structure of language determines [01:40.39]the structure of habitual thought in a society.> [01:43.53]He reasoned that [01:44.21]because it is easier to formulate certain concepts [01:47.54]and not others in a given language, [01:49.65]the speakers of that language think along one track [01:52.37]and not along another. [01:54.09](5) [01:55.97]linguistic determinism which, [01:57.98]in its strongest form, [01:59.30]states that language imprisons the mind, [02:01.82]and that the grammatical patterns [02:03.43]in a language can produce far-reaching consequences [02:06.36]for the culture of a society.> [02:08.57]Later, this idea became to be known [02:10.57]as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, [02:13.08]but this term is somewhat inappropriate. [02:15.70]Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized [02:18.12]the diversity of languages, [02:19.85]Sapir himself never explicitly supported [02:22.55]the notion of linguistic determinism.

00:00

00:00

MP3下載 文本下載