VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)城市增長(zhǎng)將會(huì)加劇住房危機(jī)

Experts: Growth of Cities Will Worsen Housing Crisis

專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)城市增長(zhǎng)將會(huì)加劇住房危機(jī)

Close to 70 percent of the world's population will live in cities by the year 2050. That prediction comes from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

到2050年，全球近70%的人口將會(huì)居住在城市。這一預(yù)測(cè)出自聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)事務(wù)部。

U.N. officials predict that another 2.5 billion people could be living in the world's cities by the middle of the century. Experts warn that population growth will worsen housing crises in some areas.

聯(lián)合國(guó)官員預(yù)測(cè)，到本世紀(jì)中葉，還有25億人可能會(huì)居住到城市。專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō)，這種人口增長(zhǎng)將會(huì)加劇某些地區(qū)的住房危機(jī)。

Large cities around the world, from Los Angeles to Mumbai, already struggle with housing issues. In some neighborhoods, rising housing prices have forced the very poor from their homes. Many poor people now live in simple, temporary shelters or on the street.

世界各地的大型城市，從洛杉磯到孟買(mǎi)，都在努力解決住房問(wèn)題。在一些街區(qū)，房?jī)r(jià)上漲迫使窮人離開(kāi)家園。許多窮人現(xiàn)在都住在街邊或是簡(jiǎn)易的臨時(shí)住所中。

Kevin Klowden directs the Center for Regional Economics and California Center at the Milken Institute. He notes that people are moving to large cities not just for high paying jobs. He said that many are also looking for the chance to live and work with other people, career advancement and access to better resources.

凱文·克羅登(Kevin Klowden)負(fù)責(zé)米爾肯研究所的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)中心和加州中心。他指出，人們搬到大型城市不僅僅是為了高薪工作。他說(shuō)，許多人也在尋找同他人一起生活工作、職業(yè)發(fā)展以及獲得更好資源的機(jī)會(huì)。

Some countries have built new capital cities to help ease overcrowding. Nigeria, Myanmar, Kazakhstan and Tanzania have all moved their administrative centers in recent years. Egypt is building a new capital east of Cairo. Klowden says these efforts help, but do not solve the problem.

一些國(guó)家已經(jīng)建立了新的首都城市來(lái)幫助緩解過(guò)度擁擠的狀況。尼日利亞、緬甸、哈薩克斯坦和坦桑尼亞近年來(lái)都搬遷了他們的行政中心。埃及正在開(kāi)羅以東建立一個(gè)新的首都?？肆_登稱(chēng)這些措施有幫助，但是并未解決問(wèn)題。

A U.N. report released in May noted that 37 million people live in Tokyo, the world's largest city by population. New Delhi follows with 29 million, and Shanghai with 26 million. Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Cairo, Mumbai, Beijing and Dhaka are each home to about 20 million people.

聯(lián)合國(guó)5月份發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告指出，有3700萬(wàn)人居住在東京這個(gè)全球人口最多的城市。新德里有2900萬(wàn)人口，上海有2600萬(wàn)人口。墨西哥城、圣保羅、開(kāi)羅、孟買(mǎi)、北京和達(dá)卡各有2000萬(wàn)左右的人口。

The report predicted that by 2030, the world will have 43 very large cities, each with more than 10 million people. The reports adds that some smaller cities will also have major population growth. By 2020, Tokyo's population is expected to begin to decrease. India, China and Nigeria will be responsible for one-third of the world's predicted urban expansion by 2050.

該報(bào)告預(yù)測(cè)到2030年，全球?qū)?huì)有43個(gè)超大型城市，每個(gè)城市擁有超過(guò)1000萬(wàn)人口。該報(bào)告補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，一些較小的城市也會(huì)有大量人口增長(zhǎng)。到2020年，預(yù)計(jì)東京人口將會(huì)開(kāi)始減少。到2050年，印度、中國(guó)和尼日利亞將占據(jù)全球預(yù)測(cè)的城市擴(kuò)展的三分之一。

Eric Heikkila directs the Office of Global Engagement at the University of Southern California's Price School of Public Policy. He says that in many cases, population growth takes place before there are plans to deal with that growth. He added that land use rules sometimes are outdated.

埃里克·?？死?Eric Heikkila)負(fù)責(zé)南加州大學(xué)公共政策學(xué)院的國(guó)際事務(wù)部。他說(shuō)，在許多情況下，人口增長(zhǎng)都發(fā)生在有計(jì)劃應(yīng)對(duì)這種增長(zhǎng)之前。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，土地使用規(guī)則有時(shí)候已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)。

People may be displaced by conflict, lack documents proving ownership of their land or have no lenders willing to help them buy a home. The World Bank says only 30 percent of land use rights are registered or recorded worldwide.

人們可能因?yàn)闆_突、缺乏土地權(quán)屬證明文件或是沒(méi)人愿意貸款幫助他們買(mǎi)房而流離失所。世界銀行表示，全球只有30%的土地使用權(quán)經(jīng)過(guò)了登記或是記錄。

Tjada McKenna is chief operating officer for the aid group Habitat for Humanity International. She says that the ability to own a home in many countries is often difficult, especially for women and minority groups.

杰達(dá)·麥肯納(Tjada McKenna)是人類(lèi)家園國(guó)際組織的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官。她說(shuō)，在許多國(guó)家有能力擁有一套住房往往很難，尤其是女性和少數(shù)民族。

Private organizations, like Habitat for Humanity, are helping. It asks volunteers to build homes. The group has provided housing for more than 13 million people since its creation in 1976.

像人類(lèi)家園國(guó)際組織這樣的私營(yíng)組織正在提供幫助。它請(qǐng)志愿者建造房屋。自1976年創(chuàng)立以來(lái)，該組織已經(jīng)為1300多萬(wàn)人提供了住房。

Habitat for Humanity also has loan programs for people living outside the United States. McKenna said, "We're allowing families to make their homes livable. With those (loans), people are installing toilets or cook stoves or other things."

人類(lèi)家園國(guó)際組織還為居住在美國(guó)境外的人們提供貸款。麥肯納表示：“我們確保家庭可以養(yǎng)家糊口。有了這些貸款，人們開(kāi)始修建廁所、爐灶等。”

Eric Heikkila noted that every city is different in dealing with development issues. Each one has its own economic forces at work, its own institutions at play and its own history, he said.

?？死赋觯總€(gè)城市在處理發(fā)展問(wèn)題上都有差異。他說(shuō)，每個(gè)城市都有自身有效的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、發(fā)揮作用的機(jī)構(gòu)和自身的歷史。

Experts say that answers to the housing crisis and other issues must be developed city by city.

專(zhuān)家表示，住房危機(jī)等問(wèn)題需要逐個(gè)城市解決。

I'm Jonathan Evans.

喬納森·埃文斯報(bào)道。