VOA慢速英語：美情報高官出席聽證會 指證俄羅斯干預大選
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US Intelligence: Top Russian Officials Tried to Influence 2016 Election
美國情報機構稱俄羅斯高層試圖影響美國2016年大選
United States intelligence leaders say they believe high-level Russian officials were directly responsible for attacking American computers during the 2016 election campaign.
美國情報機構負責人表示，他們認為俄羅斯政府高級官員在2016年大選期間直接主導了攻擊美國的計算機。
The intelligence leaders met with a U.S. Senate Committee in Washington Thursday. They said that Russia hacked the computers and released documents from the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in an effort to interfere in the presidential election.
情報機構負責人周四在華盛頓會見了美國參議院委員會。他們表示，俄羅斯入侵了計算機并泄漏了美國民主黨全國委員會(簡稱DNC)的文件，以此干涉總統(tǒng)選舉。
Only "Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized the recent election-focused data thefts and disclosures," they said in a prepared statement.
他們在一份預先準備好的聲明中表示，只有“俄羅斯最高級別官員才能批準最近針對美國大選的數據盜竊和泄漏。”
The U.S. leaders are Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, National Security Agency chief Michael Rogers and Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence Marcel Lettre. They called Russian cyber-attacks a "major threat" to national interests.
這些負責人包括美國國家情報局局長詹姆斯·克拉珀(James Clapper)、國家安全局局長邁克爾·羅杰斯(Michael Rogers)和國防部負責情報的副部長馬塞爾·萊特雷(Marcel Lettre)。他們稱俄羅斯的網絡攻擊是對美國國家利益的重大威脅。
Clapper said there is no evidence that Russia actually changed any vote counts. He said the intelligence agencies are unable to say how the information might have changed any American minds or votes.
克拉珀表示，沒有證據表明俄羅斯改變了投票統(tǒng)計。他說，情報機構無法評估這些信息可能如何改變了美國人的觀念或投票選擇。
Arizona's John McCain, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, told the hearing that "every American should be alarmed" by Russia's actions. He added that "Congress must set partisanship aside" in investigating and preventing cyber-attacks on America.
來自亞利桑那州的參議院軍事委員會主席約翰·麥凱恩(John McCain)在聽證會上表示，“每個美國人都應該對俄羅斯的舉動保持警覺”。他補充說，“參議院應該拋開黨派偏見”調查和防止對美國的網絡攻擊。
On Wednesday, McCain called the Russian interference "an act of war."
麥凱恩周三表示，俄羅斯的干預是“戰(zhàn)爭行為”。
"I'm not saying it's an atomic attack," he said. "I'm just saying that when you attack a nation's fundamental structure, which they are doing, then it's an act of war."
“我不是說這像核武器攻擊一樣嚴重，我只是說如果你攻擊一個國家的根本制度，那么這就是一種戰(zhàn)爭行為。而俄羅斯就在這么干。”
Evidence of Russian hacking
俄羅斯入侵證據
U.S. intelligence agencies have said they have evidence that Russia hacked the emails of Democratic Party officials. Critics say the hacking was meant to help Donald Trump, the candidate of the Republican Party, win the presidential election.
美國情報機構表示他們有證據表明俄羅斯入侵了民主黨官員的電子郵件。批評家表示，他們這么做是為了幫助共和黨候選人川普贏得總統(tǒng)大選。
But President-elect Donald Trump has questioned those claims.
但是候任總統(tǒng)川普質疑了這種說法。
On Thursday, President Barack Obama received a report on the investigation he ordered into the possible foreign interference in the election. Trump is expected to receive the same information in a briefing in New York City on Friday.
奧巴馬總統(tǒng)周四收到了他下令調查外國可能干涉美國大選的報告。預計川普周五會在紐約市的一場簡報會上收到相同的信息。
The president-elect has questioned reports that Russia interfered in the vote. He took to Twitter late Tuesday, taking aim at the intelligence agencies.
川普對俄羅斯干預大選的報告表示懷疑。周二晚些時候他在推特上把矛頭對準了情報機構。
Trump suggested they still do not have proof that Russia broke into the DNC's computers and gave the documents to the WikiLeaks website.
川普暗示情報機構仍然沒有任何證據可以證明俄羅斯侵入了民主黨全國委員會的電腦并將這些文件交給了維基解密。
Can Julian Assange Be Trusted?
阿桑奇是否可信賴?
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has denied that the Russian government gave his group stolen documents. He appeared on Fox News television earlier this week.
維基解密創(chuàng)始人朱利安·阿桑奇(Julian Assange)否認了俄羅斯政府將偷來的文件交給該組織。本周早些時候他接受了?？怂剐侣勲娨暸_的采訪。
On Wednesday, Trump tweeted this message: "Julian Assange said 'a 14 year old could have hacked Podesta' - why was DNC so careless?"
周三，川普發(fā)表推文表示，“阿桑奇說，‘一個14歲的孩子都能黑進波德斯坦的郵箱”，民主黨全國委員會為什么會這么大意呢?”
Trump was talking about thousands of emails and documents that hackers took from the DNC's computers and from John Podesta, the chief of Hillary Clinton's election campaign.
川普說的是黑客從民主黨全國委員會以及希拉里競選團隊負責人約翰·波德斯坦(John Podesta)的電腦中拿到的數千封電子郵件和文件。
On Thursday, Trump fired back at critics on Twitter: "The dishonest media likes saying that I am in Agreement with Julian Assange - wrong. I simply state what he states, it is for the people to make up their own minds as to the truth. The media lies to make it look like I am against 'Intelligence' when in fact I am a big fan!"
周四川普在推特上回擊了批評家：“那些不誠實的媒體說我和阿桑奇有一腿，這大錯特錯。我只是引述了他說的話，只是為了讓人們了解真相。媒體說謊使我看起來像是反情報，事實上我可是一個大粉絲。”
Clapper and other intelligence officials told the Senate committee Thursday that they put no credibility into what Assange says.
克拉珀和其他情報官員周四對參議院委員會表示，他們不信任阿桑格所言。
US-Russia relationship
美俄關系
Ukrainian political scientist Lilia Shevtsova is an expert on Russian government. She told VOA that some foreign policy experts in Russia are calling for increased communication between it and the United States. She said Obama moved toward such a policy in 2008 when Dmitry Medvedev was Russia's president. But she said the effort failed.
烏克蘭政治家莉利亞·舍夫佐娃(Lilia Shevtsova)是一位關于俄羅斯政府問題的專家。她對美國之音表示，一些俄羅斯外交政策專家呼吁加強同美國的溝通。她說，2008年梅德韋杰夫擔任俄羅斯總統(tǒng)時，奧巴馬采取了類似政策，但是失敗了。
Shevtsova said Russian experts continue to call for increased communication.
舍夫佐娃表示，俄羅斯專家繼續(xù)呼吁加強交流。
Valery Garbuzov is the director of the Russian Academy of Sciences' Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies. He told VOA that many Russians are hopeful that Trump's presidency will lead to improved relations between the two countries.
瓦列里·加布佐夫(Valery Garbuzov)是俄羅斯科學院美國和加拿大研究所的所長。他對美國之音表示，許多俄羅斯人希望川普上臺后能夠讓兩國關系得到改善。
Garbuzov said he is not sure Trump will be able to quickly improve U.S. relations with Russia.
加布佐夫表示，他不確定川普將能夠迅速改善美俄關系。
I'm Anne Ball.
安妮·波爾報道。
New efforts are underway to make American college campuses and public housing off limits to cigarette smoking.
Twenty colleges in the United States recently received grants to help make their campuses tobacco free.
And in November, U.S. Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro announced that smoking will become illegal at all public housing over the next 18 months. The federal housing department has over one million homes.
“Every child deserves to grow up in a safe, healthy home free from harmful second-hand cigarette smoke,” Castro said.
The move to ban smoking at public housing units and college campuses follows approval of state laws banning smoking at most workplaces.
The Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids reports that 27 American states ban smoking in all indoor workplaces, including restaurants. California became the first state to ban smoking at most workplaces in 1995.
Thirty-two countries had banned smoking at most workplaces as of 2012, the Tobacco Atlas reports.
Those supporting smoke-free workplaces, public housing and college campuses give one major reason: the negative health effects of smoking.
The Centers for Disease Control [and Prevention] and the World Health Organization say the health effects of smoking are large. The CDC says cigarette smoking is the leading cause of “preventable deaths” in the United States. Smoking accounts for 480,000 deaths every year, it says.
One Group Says New Rules Are Unfair
A New York City smokers’ rights group opposes the new ban on smoking at public housing units.
Audrey Silk is founder of Citizens Lobbying Against Smoker Harassment. She wrote President-elect Donald Trump, asking him to stop the ban after he becomes president on January 20.
Silk says officials are going too far in trying to stop people from using a legal product.
She told Trump the new federal housing rule would force old or sick people to walk outside their homes to smoke, even when the weather is bad.
“At stake is the right of U.S. citizens to be left alone to engage in a legal activity in the privacy of one’s own home,” Silk said.
It’s a Public Health Issue Say Supporters
But supporters of smoking bans and smoke-free areas say the bad effects of second-hand smoke make it a public health issue. Some also say that college campuses are a good place to limit or ban smoking.
Gary Reedy is chief executive officer of the American Cancer Society, which recently announced anti-smoking grants to 20 U.S. colleges. He said it is important to stop college students from smoking, “to be successful in creating a tobacco-free generation.”
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 13 percent of adults between the ages of 18 and 24 smoke cigarettes. Reedy said that reducing the number of college students who smoke can lead to reduced smoking rates among older adults.
His reasoning? Once a person starts smoking, it is hard to stop, Reedy says.
The CVS Health Foundation is providing $3.6 million for the anti-smoking grants. The foundation was started by the American drug store company CVS.
CVS stopped selling cigarettes in 2014.
The American Cancer Society says about one third of America’s 4,700 college campuses are already smoke-free.
Thomas Gibson is vice president for student affairs at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. The school is one of the grant winners. He said Bowling Green wants to help urge students to not start smoking.
Gibson said, “While approximately 90 percent of smokers start by age 18, 99 percent start by age 26."
For those students who already smoke, the school wants to help them stop, he said.
I'm Caty Weaver.
And I'm Pete Musto.
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Words in This Story
cigarette – n. a small roll of paper that is filled with cut tobacco and smoked
campus – n. the area and buildings around a university, college, school
deserve – v. used to say that someone should get or have something
stake – n. an interest or degree of involvement in something
engage – v. to do something
grant – n. money provided for some activity or purpose
approximately – adv. almost exact
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