VOA慢速英語(yǔ): 奧巴馬在國(guó)情咨文上提出外交政策

[00:00.00]The African nation of Zimbabwe has long been known as a "hot spot" for child marriages. [00:10.41]The United Nations says that as many as 31 percent of Zimbabwean girls are married before the age of 18. [00:22.78]But, two such girls say enough is enough. They are taking steps to raise the legal age at which girls can be married. [00:34.63]Loveness Mudzuru and Ruvimbo Tsopodzi were just girls when they were married and gave birth for the first time. [00:45.62]Now they are hoping to correct what they say was a violation of their rights. [00:54.58]Zimbabwe's highest court is now considering the case of the two young women. [01:01.16]They are seeking to raise the legal marriage age for girls from 16 years to 18 – the same as it is for boys. [01:13.85]They also want to cancel existing child marriages. [01:19.78]If the court agrees with them, the ruling could affect countless girls and their families. [01:28.26]Former finance minister Tendai Biti is serving as the lawyer for the two women. [01:36.64]He argued in court this month that the legal age should be 18. [01:43.13]That way, he says, the young women are old enough to make their own decisions. [01:50.54]"One in three Zimbabwean women is marrying below the age of 18. [01:56.42]Twenty-five percent are, in fact, being married or impregnated before the age of 15. So these are young children." [02:03.31]Tendai Biti argued in court that Zimbabwe's new constitution identifies 18 as the legal age to decide to have a family. [02:17.83]He said that approving marriage at a younger age violates Article 56 of the constitution, which guarantees equal protection under the law. [02:32.58]Emmily Naphambo is with the development group Plan International. [02:39.05]She says child marriage fails to protect the rights of children, and needs to end. [02:47.65]"We have very high prevalence of child marriages – second from South Asia. [02:53.39]So as a region, we are at 37 percent, but within that region we have ‘hot spots,' which are countries with even much higher prevalence rates above 37 percent. [03:05.26]For example, in Mozambique, in Malawi, in Zimbabwe, in Zambia, in all these countries, the prevalence rates are pretty close to 50 percent. [03:15.56]For every 100 girls, 50 of them are already married by the time they are 18 years old." [03:21.08]Opponents of child marriage say it is often a result of poverty, lack of knowledge and cultural beliefs. [03:32.18]They note such marriages can lead to human rights violations. [03:38.63]For example, marriage at an early age can prevent a girl from continuing her education. [03:48.52]It can also reduce the chance of her getting a good job and good health care. [03:56.95]Zimbabwean officials say the results of child marriages can even be deadly. [04:05.03]They say the nation's high death rates for children and mothers can be linked to the large number of mothers who are too young. [04:18.24]It is not clear when the Constitutional Court will rule in the case. [04:25.16]I'm Caty Weaver.

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President Barack Obama gives his State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015 (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Every year, the president of the United States must report to Congress on the state or condition of the country. So Tuesday night President Obama rode in a motorcade to the Capitol building to give his sixth State of the Union address.

Mr. Obama offered a plan he said would improve national and international security. He spoke about the first 15 years of the 21st century. He said the century began with the 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States, followed by two long and costly wars.

"It has been, and still is, a hard time for many. But tonight, we turn the page. The shadow of crisis has passed and the State of the Union is strong."

Most of the speech centered on domestic issues, ones that affect just U.S. citizens and families. But President Obama also spoke briefly about some foreign policy issues.

First was the need to fight terrorism. The recent killings in Paris have raised concerns about terrorism and security in the United States.

"We will continue to hunt down terrorists and dismantle their networks, and we reserve the right to act unilaterally, as we've done relentlessly since I took office to take out terrorists who pose a direct threat to us and to our allies."

America is working to stop the movement of Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria, the president said. He called on Congress to pass a resolution to permit the use of force against the Islamic State.

But Republican Party lawmakers disagree with President Obama. Republican Senators John McCain and Lindsey Graham say the president has done a poor job of fighting the militant group, also known as ISIL. In a statement, they said the terrorist army continues to gain thousands of fighters. They also said ISIL now controls "significantly" more territory in Syria than when U.S. airstrikes began six months ago.

One thing that Republicans and President Obama's Democrats appear to agree on is neither party wants to send troops back to the Middle East.

After Mr. Obama's speech, Senator Joni Ernst spoke for the Republican Party. She said that Congress will discuss ways to take on terrorism, both individuals or groups like the Islamic State and al-Qaida.

"The forces of violence and oppression don't care about the innocent. We need a comprehensive plan to defeat them," she said.

The president also spoke about Iran. He threatened to veto any bill requiring new U.S. sanctions against Iran. He noted the two sides are taking part in international talks on Iran's nuclear program.

"There are no guarantees that negotiations will succeed. I keep all options on the table to prevents a nuclear Iran."

Then the president made this warning.

"But new sanctions passed by this Congress, at this moment in time, will all but guarantee that diplomacy fails—alienating America from its allies; making it harder to maintain sanctions; and ensuring that Iran starts up its nuclear program again."

President Obama also talked about his decision to re-establish diplomatic relations with Cuba.

"In Cuba, we are ending a policy that was long past its expiration date. When what you are doing doesn't work for fifty years, it's time to try something new."

Other foreign affairs subjects included his plan for preventing cyber attacks and the possibility of a trade agreement with Asian Pacific countries. Such a treaty might be another area where Democratic and Republican lawmakers can agree.

"In the Asia Pacific, we are modernizing alliances while making sure that other nations play by the rules – in how they trade, how they resolve maritime disputes, and how they participate in meeting common international challenges like nonproliferation and disaster relief."

Mr. Obama went on to say how important climate change is to the world.

"And no challenge – no challenge – poses a greater threat to future generations than climate change."

He pointed to the success of the U.S.-China climate agreement as an example of how nations can work together to fix climate problems.

It was the first time that President Obama faced a Congress in which Republicans control both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Republicans won control of both houses in the 2014 elections.

I'm Anne Ball.

Anne Ball wrote this story for VOA Learning English. Marsha James and Kelly J. Kelly produced it. George Grow was the editor.

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Words in This Story

motorcade – n. a group of cars or other vehicles that travel together

domestic – adj. of, relating to, or made in your own country

sanctions – n. economic restrictions