歷年考研英語(yǔ)完型填空2004年

[00:05.92]2004 [00:07.64]Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency [00:11.28](crimes committed by young people) [00:13.29]focus either on the individual or on society [00:16.36]as the major contributing influence. [00:19.00]Theories (1)centering on the individual suggest [00:21.62]that children engage in criminal behavior [00:24.44](2)because they were not sufficiently penalized [00:26.56]for previous misdeeds or that they have learned [00:29.92]criminal behavior through (3)interaction with others. [00:33.24]Theories focusing on the role of society suggest [00:35.39]that children commit crimes in (4)respons [00:37.52]to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, [00:41.40](5)or as a rejection of middle-class values. [00:44.62]Most theories of juvenile delinquency [00:47.15]have focused on children from disadvantaged families, [00:50.59](6)ignoring the fact that children [00:52.19]from wealthy homes also commit crimes. [00:55.03]The latter may commit crimes [00:56.79](7)for lack of adequate parental control. [00:59.61]All theories, however, are tentative [01:01.67]and are (8)subject to criticism. [01:04.29]Changes in the social structure [01:06.01]may indirectly (9)affect juvenile crime rates. [01:08.43]For example, changes in the economy [01:10.95]that (10)lead to fewer job opportunities for youth [01:13.87]and rising unemployment (11)in general [01:16.40]make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. [01:20.13]The resulting discontent may in (12)turn [01:22.83]lead more youths into criminal behavior. [01:25.85]Families have also (13)experienced changes these years. [01:29.38]More families consist of one-parent households [01:32.30]or two working parents; [01:34.12](14)consequently, children are likely to [01:36.23]have less supervision at home [01:38.15](15)than was common in the traditional family (16)structure. [01:41.17]This lack of parental supervision is thought to be [01:44.06]an influence on juvenile crime rates. [01:46.58]Other (17)identifiable causes of offensive acts [01:49.71]include frustration or failure in school, [01:52.75]the increased (18)availability of drugs and alcohol, [01:56.07]and the growing (19)incidence of child abuse [01:58.39]and child neglect. [02:00.00]All these conditions tend to increase the probability [02:02.92]of a child committing a criminal act, [02:05.55](20)although a direct causal relationship [02:07.97]has not yet been established.

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