口語進(jìn)階-敘事口語材料：奴隸制度的罪惡01

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原文及翻譯

One of the most tragic parts of the history of North and South America is the period of African slavery. For hundreds of years, many people were taken from Africa by force to work in the fields of many different countries in North and South America. When Europeans first came to the Americas, some of them realized that they might make money by growing crops and selling them in Europe. 

北美和南美歷史上最悲慘的部分之一是非洲奴隸制時期。數(shù)百年來，許多人被強(qiáng)行從非洲帶走，在北美和南美許多不同國家的田地里工作。當(dāng)歐洲人第一次來到美洲時，他們中的一些人意識到他們可以通過種植農(nóng)作物并在歐洲出售來賺錢。

However, in order to make money, they would need a cheap source of labor. Few Europeans would come to the Americas to work for low wages, so instead, the land owners looked for slaves in the areas of great farms or plantations. There were few Indians, so they used another source of slaves: Africa. The plantation owners usually obtained slaves by buying them from local kings in western Africa. 

然而，為了賺錢，他們需要廉價的勞動力來源。很少有歐洲人會來美洲工作，只拿低工資，所以土地所有者反而在大農(nóng)場或種植園地區(qū)尋找奴隸。印第安人很少，所以他們使用另一個奴隸來源：非洲。種植園主通常從西非的當(dāng)?shù)貒跄抢镔徺I奴隸。

This led to many wars between rival kings within Africa, who tried to capture each other's people in order to sell them as slaves. A few kings tried to avoid the slave trade, but this was very difficult. During a period of several hundred years, from the 1500s to the 1800s, about 12 million people were taken from western Africa to the Americas. 

這導(dǎo)致了非洲內(nèi)部敵對國王之間的許多戰(zhàn)爭，他們試圖俘虜對方的人民，以便將他們作為奴隸出售。一些國王試圖避免奴隸貿(mào)易，但這非常困難。從16世紀(jì)到18世紀(jì)的幾百年間，約有1200萬人從西非被帶到美洲。

Many more people died as slaves before leaving Africa, and many more died on the ships that took them to the Americas. This was because the conditions on the ships were extremely unhealthy; the ships were far too crowded, and there was little food and water.

許多人在離開非洲之前就作為奴隸死去，還有許多人死在前往美洲的船上。這是因為船上的條件極其惡劣；船上太擁擠，食物和水很少。

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