大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程學(xué)生用書(shū) People On the Move

[00:00.00] People On the Move [00:03.79]The history of the American people is,in part, [00:09.74]the history fo the movement fo the American people. [00:15.31]They moved from the colonies fo the East Coast [00:20.35]to the open space of the West. [00:25.00]They moved from the country and the farm to the city. [00:31.16]More recently,American have been moving from the cities to the suburbs. [00:38.71]Pioneer Americans began moving from the East Coast [00:45.06]to the West 250 years ago. [00:50.42]They moved west of many reasons. [00:55.56]One reason was that they could obtain unlimited open space [01:02.62]and land for rarming. [01:06.59]Americans liked large open spaces,and they liked the freedom [01:13.53]and independence to develop the land in their own way. [01:19.60]Some of the land became farms. [01:24.53]Important minerals were discovered in some areas, [01:30.59]so some fo the land became mimes. [01:35.74]Other large areas became cattle ranches. [01:42.01]There seemed to be enough land for everybody. [01:48.25]But it was a difficult life -a life of endless work and hardship. [01:56.01]After 1860,the Industrial Revolution changed the United States. [02:04.26]Americans learned how to manufacture steel. [02:10.72]They began to produce petroleum.The automobile was invented. [02:19.08]Factories of all kinds began to apper, [02:24.93]and cities began go grow up around the factories. [02:31.67]Farmers and other country people moved to the growing cities [02:38.82]in order to find jobs and an easier life. [02:44.68]In the early 1900s,the cities were busy,exciting places. [02:52.43]However,there was also a lot of poverty and hardshiip. [02:59.10]The cities grew up -the buildings got taller [03:05.16]-and the cities grew out-they spread out from the center. [03:11.69]Private houses with yards and porches disappeared. [03:18.22]Apartment buildings,each one taller than the next,took their place. [03:25.87]More and more people moved to cities, [03:31.23]and the cities got bigger and bigger. [03:36.29]Some cities could not spread out because there was no room to do so. [03:44.13]These cities,of which New York is the best example, [03:50.77]became more and more crowded. [03:55.83]More people meant more cars,trucks,and buses, [04:02.57]more noise,more pollution,and more crime. [04:08.92]Many cities became ugly and dirty. [04:14.88]Some people and some businesses began to leave the cities [04:21.43]and mvoe to the subrubs outside the cities. [04:27.28]The move to the suburbs is still happening. [04:33.55]Americans are looking for a small piece of land [04:39.59]that they can call their own. [04:44.16]They want a house with a yard. [04:48.99]However,they do not want to give up the good jobs they have in the city. [04:57.04]In many cases,companies in the suburbs give them jobs. [05:04.48]In other cases,Americans need to commute [05:10.44]to and from the cities where their jobs are. [05:16.29]In recent years,more and more businesses are moving to the suburbs. [05:24.55]They are attracting many people and the suburbs are becoming crowded. [05:32.20]Americans have watched their big cities fall slowly into disrepair and die. [05:41.66]Many middle-class people leave the cities, [05:46.70]and the very rich and the very poor stay behind. [05:53.12]Concerned Americans are trying to solve the problems of noise, [06:00.18]dirt,crime,and pollution in the big cities. [06:06.42]They are trying to rebuild bad sections of the cities. [06:13.16]They are trying to attract and keep business people. [06:19.01]They are trying to make their cities beautiful. [06:25.36]Many Americans are ready to move back to the cities. [06:32.52]Other Americans are finding that even suburbs have become too crowded. [06:41.06]They are looking for unpolluted open spaces [06:47.41]and for an independent way of life. [06:52.66]They are ready to move from the suburbs to the country. [06:59.00]Perhaps Americans will always be on the move.

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