“國(guó)之重器”三峽工程完成整體竣工驗(yàn)收

2020年11月1日，“國(guó)之重器”三峽工程完成整體竣工驗(yàn)收。(圖片來(lái)源：新華社)

China's Ministry of Water Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission announced the official full completion of the project's construction, saying the Three Gorges project has met all design requirements, has a good overall performance, and fulfills the key roles of flood control, electricity generation, shipping and water-resource utilization.

水利部、國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委公布，三峽工程建設(shè)任務(wù)全面完成，工程質(zhì)量滿足規(guī)程規(guī)范和設(shè)計(jì)要求，運(yùn)行持續(xù)保持良好狀態(tài)，防洪、發(fā)電、航運(yùn)、水資源利用等綜合效益全面發(fā)揮。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

三峽工程(the Three Gorges project)全稱為長(zhǎng)江三峽水利樞紐工程。整個(gè)工程包括一座混凝重力式大壩(concrete gravity structure)，泄水閘(sluice gate)，一座堤后式水電站(hydropower station at dam toe)，一座永久性通航船閘(navigation lock)和一架升船機(jī)(lifter)。三峽工程建筑由大壩、水電站廠房和通航建筑物三大部分組成。大壩壩頂總長(zhǎng)3035米，壩高185米。三峽工程是迄今為止世界上規(guī)模最大的水利樞紐工程(the world's biggest water conservancy project)和綜合效益最廣泛的水電工程(a hydropower project with widespread benefits)。

監(jiān)測(cè)表明，攔河大壩及泄洪消能(flood drainage)、引水發(fā)電(water diversion and power generation)、通航(navigation)及茅坪溪防護(hù)工程等主要建筑物工作性態(tài)正常，機(jī)電系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)備運(yùn)行安全穩(wěn)定。

防洪

By the end of August, the dam had held back 180 billion cubic meters of water during flood seasons. It saw inflows of over 70,000 cubic meters per second in 2010,2012 and this year and reduced flood peaks by about 40 percent, the review said, greatly easing flood-control pressure in downstream rice-growing areas.

至2020年8月底，三峽水庫(kù)累計(jì)攔洪總量超過(guò)1800億立方米。2010年、2012年、2020年入庫(kù)最大洪峰均超過(guò)70000立方米每秒，經(jīng)過(guò)水庫(kù)攔蓄，削減洪峰約40%，極大減輕了長(zhǎng)江中下游稻米產(chǎn)區(qū)防洪壓力。

2020年8月20日，三峽大壩泄洪。(圖片來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào))

發(fā)電

The world's largest hydropower station, the dam had generated over 1.35 trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity by August, contributing to electricity supply in Central and East China and in Guangdong province.

三峽電站是世界上總裝機(jī)容量最大的水電站。截至2020年8月底，三峽電站累計(jì)發(fā)電量超過(guò)13500億千瓦時(shí)，有力支持了華東、華中、廣東等地區(qū)電力供應(yīng)。

水資源利用

During dry seasons, discharges have been raised to more than 5,500 cubic meters per second, providing more than 20 billion cubic meters of water a year for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

三峽水庫(kù)每年枯水季節(jié)下泄流量提高到5500立方米每秒以上，為長(zhǎng)江中下游補(bǔ)水200多億立方米。

By the end of August, the reservoir had provided replenishment for 2,267 days, with a total water supply of 289.4 billion cubic meters, optimizing production, living conditions and the ecology of the river's middle and lower reaches, the review said.

截至2020年8月底累計(jì)補(bǔ)水2267天，補(bǔ)水總量2894億立方米，改善了中下游地區(qū)生產(chǎn)、生活和生態(tài)用水條件。

【單詞講解】

這里的replenishment表示“the act of filling something up again by replacing what has been used”，也就是“補(bǔ)給;重新補(bǔ)足”等意思，比如： product replenishment(補(bǔ)貨)，Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells.(骨髓在持續(xù)補(bǔ)充紅細(xì)胞方面發(fā)揮重要作用)。

生態(tài)與環(huán)境保護(hù)

Electricity produced by the power station was equivalent to that from burning 430 million metric tons of standard coal, leading to a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.

至2020年8月底，三峽電站發(fā)出的優(yōu)質(zhì)清潔電力能源相當(dāng)于節(jié)約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤4.30億噸，節(jié)能減排效益顯著。

航運(yùn)

The project has also significantly improved navigation conditions and bolstered shipping capacity and freight volume in the Yangtze, the review said. By August, some 1.48 billion tons of cargo had passed through the Three Gorges Dam, boosting development in the Yangtze's economic belt.

三峽工程顯著改善了川江航道通航條件，過(guò)閘貨運(yùn)量快速增長(zhǎng)，截至2020年8月底，累計(jì)過(guò)閘貨運(yùn)量14.8億噸，有力推動(dòng)了長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展。

搬遷安置

The production and living environments of the 1.31 million people who were relocated to make way for the Three Gorges project have been greatly improved, and infrastructure and public service facilities in the reservoir area have developed rapidly, it said.

131萬(wàn)搬遷安置移民生產(chǎn)生活狀況顯著改善，庫(kù)區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共服務(wù)設(shè)施實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

水庫(kù) water reservoir

水荒 water scarcity

南水北調(diào)工程 South-North Water Diversion Project

蓄水工程 water conservancy projects

防洪抗旱體系 flood control and drought relief systems

農(nóng)田灌溉工程 farmland irrigation projects