圖片來源:東方IC
The country will promote the establishment of a bankruptcy system for insolvent individuals in a step-by-step way, according to the new reform plan released by the National Development and Reform Commission and 12 other central government agencies.
由國家發(fā)改委和其他12家中央政府機構(gòu)發(fā)布的改革方案提出,我國將推動逐步建立無償付能力個人的破產(chǎn)制度。
【名詞解釋】
個人破產(chǎn)(personal bankruptcy),是指作為債務(wù)人的自然人不能清償其到期債務(wù)時,由法院依法宣告其破產(chǎn)(an insolvent individual is declared bankrupt by the court),并對其財產(chǎn)進行清算和分配或者進行債務(wù)調(diào)整(have their property liquidated, distributed or debt adjusted),對其債務(wù)進行豁免(exempted from the liability the individual is unable to pay back)以及確定當事人在破產(chǎn)過程中的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范。
《方案》明確,對符合破產(chǎn)等退出條件的國有企業(yè),各相關(guān)方不得以任何方式阻礙其退出,防止形成“僵尸企業(yè)”(zombie companies)。不得通過違規(guī)提供政府補貼、貸款(illegal government subsidies or loans)等方式維系“僵尸企業(yè)”生存,有效解決國有“僵尸企業(yè)”不愿退出的問題。國有企業(yè)退出時(in case of SOEs' exit),金融機構(gòu)等債權(quán)人不得要求政府承擔超出出資額之外的債務(wù)清償責任。
發(fā)改委將研究建立個人破產(chǎn)制度(personal bankruptcy system),重點解決企業(yè)破產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的自然人連帶責任擔保債務(wù)問題(resolving the joint liabilities arising from corporate bankruptcy)。明確自然人因擔保等原因而承擔與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動相關(guān)的負債可依法合理免責。逐步推進建立自然人符合條件的消費負債可依法合理免責(promoting reasonable liability exemptions for individuals),最終建立全面的個人破產(chǎn)制度。
個人申請破產(chǎn)后,是不是可以不用還債了呢?會不會影響債權(quán)人的利益呢?
中國人民大學法學院教授徐陽光指出,不要以為只要申請破產(chǎn)就可獲得免責,更不要將個人破產(chǎn)等同于“逃廢”個人債務(wù)。
Not every personal bankruptcy application will be approved and applying for bankruptcy is not a shelter for those trying to avoid paying their debts, said Xu.
并非所有個人破產(chǎn)申請都能獲準,個人破產(chǎn)也不能成為一些人逃避債務(wù)的“保護傘”。
To get the debt liability exemption, the debtor has to repay part of the debt as a condition and the debtor's economic life will be restricted for about three to five years after the end of bankruptcy proceedings, Xu said.
債務(wù)人須償還部分債務(wù)作為免責的條件,在破產(chǎn)程序終結(jié)后的一段時間內(nèi)(通常持續(xù)3-5年),債務(wù)人的經(jīng)濟生活會受到限制。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
企業(yè)破產(chǎn) corporate bankruptcy
市場主體 market entity
連帶責任 joint liability
營商環(huán)境 business environment