兩會(huì)熱詞：“外商投資法”是關(guān)于啥的？

十三屆全國人大二次會(huì)議8日下午在北京人民大會(huì)堂舉行第二次全體會(huì)議，聽取全國人大常委會(huì)副委員長(zhǎng)王晨關(guān)于中華人民共和國外商投資法草案的說明。之后，各代表團(tuán)分別對(duì)該草案進(jìn)行審議。

The foreign investment law, once adopted, will become a new and fundamental law for China's foreign investment, says the explanation delivered by Wang Chen, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, to deputies attending an NPC plenary session.

全國人大常委會(huì)副委員長(zhǎng)王晨在關(guān)于中華人民共和國外商投資法草案的說明指出，外商投資法通過后，將成為我國外商投資領(lǐng)域新的基礎(chǔ)性法律。

關(guān)于外商投資的界定，草案做了如下界定，

外商投資(foreign investment)即外國的自然人、企業(yè)或者其他組織直接或者間接在中國境內(nèi)進(jìn)行的投資活動(dòng)(investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign natural persons, enterprises and other organizations)，包括以下四類具體情形：

一是外國投資者單獨(dú)或者與其他投資者共同在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立外商投資企業(yè)(a foreign investor establishes a foreign-funded enterprise independently or together with any other investor);

二是外國投資者取得中國境內(nèi)企業(yè)的股份、股權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)份額或者其他類似權(quán)益(a foreign investor acquires shares, equities, property shares or any other similar rights and interests of an enterprise within the territory of China);

三是外國投資者單獨(dú)或者與其他投資者共同在中國境內(nèi)投資新建項(xiàng)目(a foreign investor invests in any new construction project independently or together with any other investor);

四是法律、行政法規(guī)或者國務(wù)院規(guī)定的其他方式的投資(investments stipulated in laws, administrative regulations, or defined by the State Council)。

草案指出，

The foreign investment law is a comprehensive and fundamental set of legal standards for foreign investment activities in China under new circumstances, and shall play a leading role as an overarching law in this field.

外商投資法是新形勢(shì)下國家關(guān)于外商投資活動(dòng)全面的、基本的法律規(guī)范，是外商投資領(lǐng)域起龍頭作用、具有統(tǒng)領(lǐng)性質(zhì)的法律。

It is a full testament to China's determination and confidence in opening wider to the outside world and promoting foreign investment in the new era.

制定外商投資法，就是要在新的歷史條件下通過國家立法表明將改革開放進(jìn)行到底的決心和意志，展現(xiàn)新時(shí)代中國積極的對(duì)外開放姿態(tài)。

草案分為6章，包括總則、投資促進(jìn)、投資保護(hù)、投資管理、法律責(zé)任、附則，共41條，對(duì)新的外商投資法律制度作出了基本的、明確的規(guī)定。

以下是部分要點(diǎn)摘錄：

The state shall guarantee that foreign-invested enterprises are able to participate in standard-setting work on an equal footing in accordance with law, and mandatory state standards shall apply equally to them, according to the document.

國家保障外商投資企業(yè)依法平等參與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定工作，國家制定的強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平等適用于外商投資企業(yè)。

The state shall guarantee that foreign-invested enterprises can take part in government procurement activities through fair competition in accordance with law, and government procurement shall afford, in accordance with law, equal treatment to products of foreign-invested enterprises produced in China, it says.

國家保障外商投資企業(yè)依法通過公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)參與政府采購活動(dòng)。政府采購依法對(duì)外商投資企業(yè)在中國境內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品平等對(duì)待。

The conditions for technological cooperation in an investment project shall be negotiated in a fair and equal manner and agreed upon by all parties to the investment, and government bodies and their employees shall be prohibited from using administrative measures to force technology transfer.

外商投資過程中技術(shù)合作的條件由投資各方遵循公平原則平等協(xié)商確定，行政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員不得利用行政手段強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)讓技術(shù)。

Sectors not on the entry negative list for foreign investment will be managed in accordance with the principle of equal treatment for domestic and foreign capital.

外商投資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單以外的領(lǐng)域，按照內(nèi)外資一致的原則實(shí)施管理。

Competent authorities shall review foreign investors' license applications with the same conditions and procedures as those for domestic investors, unless otherwise stipulated in other laws or administrative regulations, according to the document.

有關(guān)主管部門應(yīng)當(dāng)按照與內(nèi)資一致的條件和程序，審核外國投資者的許可申請(qǐng)，法律、行政法規(guī)另有規(guī)定的除外。

The draft also makes it clear that the state shall manage foreign investment according to the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list.

國家對(duì)外商投資實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理制度。

【名詞解釋】

準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇(pre-establishment national treatment)，是指在投資準(zhǔn)入階段給予外國投資者及其投資不低于本國投資者及其投資的待遇。

負(fù)面清單(negative list)，是指國家規(guī)定在特定領(lǐng)域?qū)ν馍掏顿Y實(shí)施的準(zhǔn)入特別管理措施。

外商投資法草案審議通過并正式實(shí)施之后，《中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法》、《中華人民共和國外資企業(yè)法》、《中華人民共和國中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)法》將同時(shí)廢止。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

外商投資 foreign investment

外商直接投資 foreign direct investment (FDI)

境外投資 outbound investment

中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè) Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture

中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè) Chinese-foreign equity joint venture

外商獨(dú)資企業(yè) wholly foreign-owned enterprise

投資環(huán)境 investment environment

營商環(huán)境 business environment