九部門聯(lián)合發(fā)文要求招聘時不得詢問女性婚育情況

Job hunters seek positions and information at a career fair in Huaibei, Anhui province. [Photo by Wan Shanchao/For China Daily]

A notice jointly released by nine bodies — including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education, the All-China Women’s Federation, and the Supreme People’s Court — prohibits companies from prioritizing any candidate or rejecting any application based on gender. Employers can face fines of up to 50,000 yuan for publishing job ads with sexist requirements, while recruiting agencies may have their work permits revoked for severe discriminatory practices.

人社部、教育部、全國婦聯(lián)以及最高法等九部門聯(lián)合發(fā)文，禁止企業(yè)在招聘時限定性別或性別優(yōu)先。用人單位發(fā)布含有性別歧視內(nèi)容招聘信息的，或?qū)⒚媾R最高5萬元罰款，情節(jié)嚴重的人力資源服務(wù)機構(gòu)，將被吊銷人力資源服務(wù)許可證。

英語中的sexism一詞指的是prejudice or discrimination based on sex(基于性別的偏見或歧視)，尤其指針對女性的歧視(discrimination against women)，抱有這種性別歧視態(tài)度的人就稱為sexist。“性別歧視”更正式一些的說法是gender discrimination。而提倡性別平等(gender equality)，抵制性別歧視的人群則是feminist(女權(quán)主義者)，他們所倡導(dǎo)的理念就是feminism(女權(quán)主義)。

通知提出，各類用人單位、人力資源服務(wù)機構(gòu)在招聘過程中不得詢問婦女婚育情況(asking female applicants about their marital or childbearing status)，不得將妊娠測試作為入職體檢項目(requiring new employees to take pregnancy tests)，不得將限制生育作為錄用條件(restricting births as a condition of employment)，不得差別化地提高對婦女的錄用標準。

通知指出：

Gender equality is the basic national policy of our country. Promoting equal employment for women is conducive to promoting women’s wider and deeper participation in social and economic activities and enhancing social productivity and economic vitality.

男女平等是我國基本國策。促進婦女平等就業(yè)，有利于推動婦女更加廣泛深入?yún)⒓由鐣徒?jīng)濟活動，提升社會生產(chǎn)力和經(jīng)濟活力。

通知特別提到，要加強監(jiān)察執(zhí)法，依法懲處侵害女職工孕期、產(chǎn)期、哺乳期特殊勞動保護權(quán)益行為(workplace rights protection during pregnancy, child birth and baby nursing period)。

同時，通知還提出將用人單位、人力資源服務(wù)機構(gòu)因發(fā)布含有性別歧視內(nèi)容的招聘信息接受行政處罰等情況納入人力資源市場誠信記錄(credit record of human resources market)，依法實施失信懲戒。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

性別歧視 gender discrimination

性別平等 gender equality

婚育情況 marital or childbearing status

就業(yè)歧視 employment discrimination

男女平權(quán) equal rights for men and women

性別收入差距 gender pay gap

性別刻板印象 gender stereotype