神操作！法國(guó)主題公園“雇傭”烏鴉撿垃圾

公園中總少不了垃圾，尤其是小而難纏的煙頭等。法國(guó)的一個(gè)主題公園想到了一個(gè)好辦法：訓(xùn)練烏鴉來(lái)?yè)炖Ｉ现苣╅_(kāi)始，6只“出師”的烏鴉已經(jīng)開(kāi)始它們的清潔工生涯。烏鴉撿完垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾桶后，就能領(lǐng)取到“報(bào)酬”。

ScienceAlert網(wǎng)站截圖

If you've been paying attention, you know that corvids (crows, rooks and ravens) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.

如果你平時(shí)留心的話，應(yīng)該知道鴉科動(dòng)物(烏鴉、白嘴鴉和渡鴉)是絕頂聰慧的鳥(niǎo)類。現(xiàn)在這些智商超群的鳥(niǎo)兒們得到了一份工作：6只白嘴鴉接受訓(xùn)練后將在法國(guó)西部的歷史主題公園“狂人國(guó)”撿垃圾。

Whenever Boubou, Bamboo, Bill, Black, Bricole and Baco deposit a cigarette butt or other small piece of trash in a special receptacle, it dispenses a treat - rewarding the rooks for their efforts.

這6只白嘴鴉的名字分別叫波波、斑布、比爾、布萊克、布里克爾和巴科。它們將煙頭或其他垃圾碎屑放到一個(gè)特別的容器中，容器就會(huì)發(fā)放一個(gè)小食，來(lái)獎(jiǎng)賞白嘴鴉的勞動(dòng)。

The idea came from one of the park's falconers, Christophe Gaborit. As part of the falconry show, crows had already been trained to pick up roses and bring them to a princess - so in the 2000s, Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.

想出這一主意的是公園一個(gè)名為克里斯托弗·蓋伯里特的放鷹員。訓(xùn)練烏鴉銜玫瑰獻(xiàn)給公主，本就是放鷹秀的節(jié)目之一。于是在2000年到2010年間，蓋伯里特就馴養(yǎng)了兩只白嘴鴉來(lái)?yè)炖?/p>

The training system is not dissimilar to experimental setups for testing corvid intelligence, in which a dispenser issues a food reward when a crow correctly performs a task.

這種訓(xùn)練體制和測(cè)試?guó)f類智商的試驗(yàn)安排并無(wú)不同，都是在烏鴉準(zhǔn)確執(zhí)行任務(wù)后由分配器發(fā)放食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

Earlier this year, we saw research in which a type of "vending machine" was used to teach crows how to tear paper into a specific shape. And 10 years ago, "hacker" Josh Klein built a similar vending machine to reward crows for retrieving lost money. So we know the concept works.

今年早前曾有研究用一種“自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)”教烏鴉如何將紙撕成特定的形狀。十年前，黑客喬什·克萊恩制造過(guò)一個(gè)類似的售貨機(jī)來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)取回丟失錢幣的烏鴉。由此可見(jiàn)，這一理念還是可行的。

The rooks were deployed for the first time over the weekend, and they'll be working four days a week under close supervision - not for the birds, but to make sure the humans don't deliberately drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up.

白嘴鴉于上周末首次出動(dòng)去撿垃圾，它們將在密切監(jiān)視下每周工作四天，不是要監(jiān)視?shū)B(niǎo)，而是為了確保沒(méi)有人為了看烏鴉撿垃圾而故意丟垃圾。

That's because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isn't solely to collect garbage - it's also to get park-goers to think before they litter.

這是因?yàn)樽尠鬃禅f做清潔工的目的不只是為了撿垃圾，還為了讓公園里的游客在丟垃圾前三思。

"The purpose of the crows ... is to educate the people, to open their minds, to think, 'OK, the birds are able to do something that we are much more able to do than them, so we should do this by ourselves'," park president Nicolas de Villiers told NPR.

公園負(fù)責(zé)人尼古拉斯·德·維利爾斯告訴美國(guó)國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)說(shuō)：“讓烏鴉撿垃圾的目的……是教育人們，開(kāi)放人們的眼界，引發(fā)人們的思考：烏鴉能做的這件事情對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)輕而易舉，我們應(yīng)該自己把垃圾扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。”

"It's a funny way to show the people that you cannot throw the papers everywhere."

“這是教育大家不要亂扔垃圾的一種有趣的方式。”