和吸煙一樣致命的五大健康殺手

近年來美國成人的吸煙率持續(xù)降低，吸煙的危害也在逐漸遠離人們的生活。然而取而代之的五大健康殺手，危害一點也不比吸煙少，而且這些健康殺手就在你我的身邊。

Loneliness 孤獨

The growth of social media and waning in-person contact has led Former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy to label loneliness a worldwide epidemic. And it could be lethal.

曾任衛(wèi)生局局長的維維克•默西認為，社交媒體的增長和面對面接觸的減少讓孤獨成為了世界范圍的流行病。而孤獨可以是致命的。

Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology at Brigham Young University, has found in her research that loneliness reduces people's life spans by the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

楊百翰大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授朱麗安娜•霍爾特-倫斯塔德在她的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，孤獨會縮短人的壽命，其危害相當于每天抽15根煙。

Sitting 久坐

Sitting all day increases risk for a raft of different cancers, a 2014 study found.

2014年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，終日久坐會增加患多種癌癥的風(fēng)險。

Researchers included in their meta-analyses data from four million people involving how often they sat to watch TV, do work, and commute.

研究人員在做薈萃分析時采集了400萬人坐下來看電視、工作和通勤的時長數(shù)據(jù)。

Each two-hour increase in sitting time upped people's risks for colon, endometrial, and lung cancers, regardless of whether they still exercised during the day.

靜坐的時間每增加兩個小時，就會增加人們患結(jié)腸癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌和肺癌的風(fēng)險，不論一天中是否鍛煉。

Sleep loss 失眠

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have called sleep deprivation a public health problem, as some 50 to 70 million people in the US have sleep or wakefulness disorder.

美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心將失眠稱作公共健康問題，因為美國有5000萬到7000萬的人遭受失眠困擾。

Professor Valery Gafarov, of the World Health Organisation, noted in 2015 that insufficient sleep raises the risk of stroke and heart attack to similar degrees as regular cigarette use.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的瓦雷里•加法羅夫教授在2015年指出，睡眠不足會提高中風(fēng)和心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險，其危害相當于經(jīng)常抽煙。

"Poor sleep should be considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease along with smoking, lack of exercise, and poor diet," he said.

他說：“睡眠不佳應(yīng)和吸煙、缺乏鍛煉和飲食不良一樣，被視為導(dǎo)致心血管疾病的可調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)險因素。”

Tanning 美黑

Indoor tanning may seem like a more controlled version of regular sunbathing, but both are potentially more dangerous than smoking.

室內(nèi)美黑似乎是更可控的日光浴，但是，這兩者都可能比吸煙更危險。

In 2014, researchers published a study in JAMA that found indoor tanning alone led to more cases of skin cancer than smoking did with lung cancer.

2014年，研究人員在《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會雜志》上發(fā)表的一份研究報告指出，室內(nèi)美黑導(dǎo)致的皮膚癌比吸煙導(dǎo)致肺癌的病例更多。

"Given the large number of skin cancer cases attributable to indoor tanning, these findings highlight a major public health issue," the investigators wrote.

研究人員寫道：“考慮到當前有如此多的皮膚癌病例都是由室內(nèi)美黑導(dǎo)致的，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)凸顯出了一個重大的公共健康問題。”

Poor diet 飲食不良

A wealth of evidence has found that sugary, processed foods high in saturated fats can expose people to potentially fatal diseases at similar, if not greater, rates than smoking.

大量證據(jù)表明，含大量飽和脂肪的含糖加工食物會讓人們?nèi)菀谆忌细鞣N致命疾病，如果其危害不比吸煙更甚，至少也是和吸煙相當。

In 2016, researchers studying the mortality risks from poor diet concluded the death rates exceeded those of alcohol, drugs, unprotected sex, and tobacco combined.

2016年，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲食不良的致死率比酗酒、吸毒、無保護性行為和吸煙的致死率加起來還要高。