常春藤解析英語 64 Got Hard Bread and Cheese? Fondue Is for You!　瑞士火鍋知多少

Got Hard Bread and Cheese? Fondue Is for You!　瑞士火鍋知多少

by Luke Dodds

In the rugged mountains of 18th-century Switzerland, winters could be bitterly cold and last many months.The residents of Canton Neuchatel _(1)_ a clever way to make those difficult months a lot more delicious.

At that time, most food in Switzerland was produced during the summer and fall, and large _(2)_ of easily-preserved food like bread, cheese, and wine had to be stockpiled to be eaten during the winter months. That worked well _(3)_, but after being stored for long periods, the cheese became rock solid, and the bread became so hard that it had to be _(4)_ with an ax.

With brick-like food and cold bodies, the Swiss would gather around a pot _(5)_ over a stove and toss in the hard cheese with some wine and local spices. Mixing the cheese and wine over the heat produced a rich, creamy sauce. The hard bread was dipped into the sauce and quickly made soft and delicious. The word fondue _(6)_ the French word for "to melt."

The idea spread throughout Europe, and numerous local varieties _(7)_ incorporating local cheeses and spices. However, people found the traditional _(8)_ so tasty that even after modern storage techniques were invented, they continued to indulge in it.

French peasants working in vineyards also created their own version. They dipped chunks of uncooked meat into _(9)_ oil and then dipped the meat into other sauces that often included melted cheese. American tourists discovered the dish in the 1950s, and it became widely popular in the US.

Chocolate fondue is a modern adaptation in _(10)_ chocolate is heated, liquefied, and sometimes cycled through a fountain. Lucky diners dip pieces of fruit in the melted chocolate for a truly delectable treat. Yummy!

(A) which 　　　(B) chopped 　　(C) hanging　　　(D) recipe 　　　(E) sprang up

(F) enough　　　(G) quantities　　(H) devised　　　(I) boiling　　　(J) comes from

原來如此

1. The residents of Canton Neuchatel devised a clever way to make those difficult months a lot more delicious.

理由:

a. 空格前有主詞 The residents(居民)，空格后有名詞詞組 a clever way(聰明的方法)，且根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)得知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)置入過去式及物動(dòng)詞或過去式及物動(dòng)詞詞組。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)有 (B) chopped(切開，劈開)、(E) sprang up(出現(xiàn))，以及 (H) devised(想出;發(fā)明)。但僅 (H) 置入后符合語意，表『想出』聰明的方法，故為正選。

c. devise vt. 想出;發(fā)明

例: The terrorists devised a plan to bomb the embassy.

(恐怖分子想出一個(gè)炸毀該大使館的計(jì)劃。)

2. ..., and large quantities of easily-preserved food like bread, cheese, and wine had to be stockpiled to be eaten during the winter months.

理由:

a. 本空格測(cè)試下列固定用法：

large quantities of + 不可數(shù)名詞　　大量的……

= a large quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞

例: The police found a large quantity of heroin in the man's suitcase.

(警方在那名男子的手提箱內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的海洛因。)

b. 根據(jù)上述，可知 (G) quantities 為正選。

3. That worked well enough, but after being stored for long periods, the cheese became rock solid, ...

理由:

a. 空格前有副詞 well，因此空格內(nèi)應(yīng)置入副詞，以修飾 well。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)僅有 (F) enough(足夠地)，置入后亦符合語意，故選之。

4. ..., and the bread became so hard that it had to be chopped with an ax.

理由:

a. 空格前有原形 be 動(dòng)詞，得知應(yīng)置入現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，以形成進(jìn)行式或被動(dòng)式。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)有 (B) chopped(被切開，被劈開)、(C) hanging(懸掛)，以及 (I) boiling(煮沸，燒開)，但僅 (B) 置入后符合語意，故選之。

5. With brick-like food and cold bodies, the Swiss would gather around a pot hanging over a stove and toss in the hard cheese with some wine and local spices.

理由:

a. 空格前已是完整句，故知應(yīng)置入現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，形成分詞詞組，作形容詞用，修飾空格前的名詞 pot(鍋?zhàn)?。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)有 (C) hanging(懸掛)和 (I) boiling(煮沸，燒開)，但只有 (C) 置入后符合語意，故選之。

c. hang over... 　　吊在∕懸掛在……(之上)

例: The bat hung over the fruit as it ate it.

(那只蝙蝠倒吊在水果上啃食。)

d. 原句分析如下;

..., the Swiss would gather around a pot hanging over a stove and toss in...

= ..., the Swiss would gather around a pot that hung over a stove and toss in...

(……，瑞士人會(huì)將鍋?zhàn)訏煸诨馉t上并圍在旁邊，把……丟進(jìn)……)

6. The word fondue comes from the French word for "to melt."

理由:

a. 空格前有主詞 The word fondue，空格后是名詞詞組 the French word for "to melt"，可知應(yīng)置入 be 動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞詞組。

b. 選項(xiàng)中僅有 (J) comes from(始于;來自)符合上述條件，置入后亦符合語意，故選之。

c. come from...　　始于∕來自……

例: These quotations come from Shakespeare's works.

(這幾段引言來自莎士比亞的作品。)

7. The idea spread throughout Europe, and numerous local varieties sprang up incorporating local cheeses and spices.

理由:

a. 空格前為有主詞 The idea(概念)和過去式動(dòng)詞 spread(散布，傳開)的完整句，且有對(duì)等連接詞 and，以及另一主詞 numerous local varieties(許多當(dāng)?shù)氐姆N類)，可知應(yīng)置入過去式不及物動(dòng)詞或過去式不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，以形成另一個(gè)句子。

b. 符合上述條件的僅有選項(xiàng) (E) sprang up(出現(xiàn))，置入后亦符合語意，故選之。

c. spring up　　(如雨后春筍般)出現(xiàn)，冒出

例: Sushi trains are springing up all over town.

(旋轉(zhuǎn)壽司如雨后春筍般在鎮(zhèn)上各地出現(xiàn)。)

8. However, people found the traditional recipe so tasty that even after modern storage techniques were invented, they continued to indulge in it.

理由:

a. 空格前有形容詞 traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)，可知空格應(yīng)置入名詞或動(dòng)名詞以供修飾。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)有 (D) recipe(配方;食譜)和 (I) boiling(煮沸)，但只有 (D) 置入后符合語意，故選之。

9. They dipped chunks of uncooked meat into boiling oil and then dipped the meat into other sauces that often included melted cheese.

理由:

a. 空格前有介詞 into，之后有名詞 oil(油)，可知空格應(yīng)置入形容詞來修飾 oil。

b.符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)僅剩 (I) boiling(滾燙的)，置入后亦符合語意，故選之。

10. Chocolate fondue is a modern adaptation in which chocolate is heated, liquefied, and sometimes cycled through a fountain.

理由:

a. 空格前后為完整的子句，且空格前有介詞 in，故知應(yīng)置入關(guān)系代名詞以引導(dǎo)形容詞子句，修飾其前的名詞 a modern adaptation(= chocolate fondue)。

b. 符合上述條件的選項(xiàng)僅有 (A) which，置入后符合用法，故選之。

文法一點(diǎn)靈

* The residents of Canton Neuchatel devised a clever way to make those difficult months a lot more delicious.

(諾夏特邦的居民想出聰明的辦法，讓自己可以在艱困的月份吃得更美味。)

注意:

上述句中的 a lot 用來修飾其后的比較級(jí)形容詞 more delicious(更美味)?？捎脕硇揎棻容^級(jí)形容詞或副詞的計(jì)有下列六個(gè)副詞：

far、much、a lot、a great deal、still 和 even。

例: She speaks English much more fluently than I do.

(她英語講得比我流利多了。)

精解字詞詞組

1. bitterly adv. 非常地;嚴(yán)厲地

bitterly cold　　極其寒冷的

例: The new law was bittely criticized by various groups.

(這條新法律遭各界團(tuán)體嚴(yán)厲抨擊。)

2. toss vt. 拋，扔，投

例: The referee tossed the ball in the air to start off the basketball game.

(裁判把籃球拋向空中讓雙方跳球開始比賽。)

3. mix A and B　　將 A 與 B 混和在一起

例: Never mix alcohol with painkillers, or they'll do more harm than good.

(千萬不要把酒類及止痛藥混合服用，那樣做有害而無益。)

4. incorporate vt. 包含;并入

incorporate A into B　　把 A 并入 B 中

例: The artist's work incorporated realism and impressionism.

(那位藝術(shù)家的作品包含了寫實(shí)主義與印象派畫風(fēng)。)

例: We will incorporate your idea into this new product.

(我們會(huì)把你的點(diǎn)子納入這項(xiàng)新產(chǎn)品中。)

5. indulge in...　　沉溺于∕放縱于……

例: Don't indulge in online games.

(不要沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。)

6. adaptation n. 改編;改造

adapt vt. 改編;改造

be adapted from...　　由……改編

例: This soundtrack is basically adapted from Bach's works.

(這張?jiān)晭Щ旧鲜歉木幾园凸淖髌贰?

單字小鋪

1. fondue n. 瑞士火鍋

2. rugged a. 崎嶇的

3. easily-preserved a. 易于保存的

4. stockpile vt. 貯存

5. solid a. 固體的 & n. 固體

6. ax n. 斧頭

7. brick-like a. 如磚塊般的

8. spice n. 香料

9. sauce n. 調(diào)味醬;醬汁

10. dip vt. 浸，沾

11. melt vi. & vt. 融化，溶化

12. numerous a. 許多的

13. variety n. 種類

14. storage n. 貯存，貯藏

15. peasant n. 農(nóng)夫

16. vineyard n. 葡萄園

17. chunk n. 大塊

18. liquefy vt. 使溶解;使液化

19. cycle vi. 循環(huán)

20. fountain n. 噴泉

21. diner n. 用餐者

22. delectable a. 美味的

23. yummy a. 好吃的，美味的

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

18 世紀(jì)時(shí)瑞士崎嶇的山里，冬季往往一連好幾個(gè)月天氣嚴(yán)寒。諾夏特邦的居民想出聰明的辦法，讓自己在艱困的月份吃得更美味。當(dāng)時(shí)瑞士的食物大多產(chǎn)于夏秋兩季，而像面包、奶酪和紅酒等容易保存的食物，就得大量貯存以備冬天食用。這辦法相當(dāng)可行，但存放太久的奶酪變得像石頭一樣硬，面包也硬得必須用斧頭才能劈開。硬得像磚塊的食物再加上凍得發(fā)僵的身體，瑞士人將鍋?zhàn)訏煸诨馉t上并圍在旁邊，把硬梆梆的奶酪丟進(jìn)鍋里，再加上些許葡萄酒和當(dāng)?shù)氐南懔?。加熱后的葡萄酒和奶酪融合成濃稠的醬汁。把硬梆梆的面包浸在醬汁里，很快就變得又軟又好吃。fondue 一字在法文中就是 melt(融化)的意思。

這種方式傳遍全歐洲，而且各地方還因地制宜運(yùn)用當(dāng)?shù)氐哪汤液拖懔?，而有許多不同種類的火鍋出現(xiàn)。即使現(xiàn)代已發(fā)明出儲(chǔ)存食物的技術(shù)，大家發(fā)現(xiàn)還是這種傳統(tǒng)的吃法最美味，并對(duì)其戀戀不忘。法國葡萄園的果農(nóng)也發(fā)明自己的吃法，他們將大塊的生肉放在滾燙的熱油中，接著浸在其它醬汁中，而這些醬汁通常都加了融化的奶酪。美國觀光客在 50 年代發(fā)現(xiàn)這道佳肴，隨后在美國也廣受歡迎。

巧克力火鍋是改良后的現(xiàn)代吃法，巧克力加熱后融化，有時(shí)還會(huì)做成像噴泉一樣不斷循環(huán)涌出。幸福的食客將切塊的水果浸入融化的巧克力中，就能享受到人間美味。嗯，真是好吃!

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:

1. (H) 2. (G) 3. (F) 4. (B) 5. (C)　6. (J) 7. (E) 8. (D) 9. (I) 10. (A)