常春藤解析英語(yǔ) 42 Body Signs不容忽視的人體警

Body Signs　不容忽視的人體警訊

by Rebecca Fratzke

We sometimes need expensive tests to determine our state of health, but often our bodies tell us all we need to know. Growing up, we're taught which bodily signs are causes for concern. _(1)_

The first signs we learn about are changes in the color, odor, and texture of the stuff that comes out of our bodies, such as urine, feces, and mucus. Although these things might be embarrassing to talk about, they are easily recognizable. _(2)_ Yellow or green mucus is a sign of bacterial infections. The duration of changes in our bodily functions can also provide a clue about our body's condition. For example, diarrhea is common, with over 500 causes. _(3)_

Not all bodily signs are that gross. The skin and eyes taking on a yellow tone can be signs of liver problems. _(4)_ Red eyes can be a sign of conjunctivitis, also called pink eye. This infection is contagious, so being aware of its signs early benefits everyone.

Beyond illnesses, an unhealthy lifestyle can also cause certain bodily signals. A lack of calcium can result in leg cramps or insomnia. _(5)_ Actually, white spots could just mean you use your hands a lot. A mild infection or allergic reaction to nail polish might also cause white spots. Changes in your body can tell you a lot about how your diet and behavior are affecting you.

Our bodies send out many signs about their health. By learning to read our natural signs, we can decide whether we just need a few days of rest, a lifestyle change, or a trip to the doctor's office.

(A) For example, healthy mucus in our nose and throat is clear or white.

(B) A popular myth says white spots on one's fingernails are also signs of calcium deficiency.

(C) Paying attention to these signs teaches us about what is and isn't normal for our bodies.

(D) But if it happens for days on end, its cause may be serious.

(E) According to Chinese medicine, pimples on one's forehead are also signs of liver troubles.

原來(lái)如此

1. 第一題空格應(yīng)選 (C)

理由:

a. 空格前提及，從小到大我們就被教導(dǎo)需要注意身體上的哪些征兆(bodily signs)，推測(cè)接下來(lái)應(yīng)繼續(xù)說(shuō)明為何要注意這些征兆。

b. 選項(xiàng) (C) 說(shuō)，注意這些征兆能讓我們知道身體哪里正常及哪里不正常，符合上述推論，且兩句中均有本文探討的主題 signs(征兆)，可知應(yīng)為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

pay attention to...　　注意……

例: I always pay attention to the news so I will know what's going on in the world.

(我總是很注意新聞，這樣才知道世界發(fā)生了什么事。)

2. 第二題空格應(yīng)選 (A)

理由:

a. 空格前提到，討論尿液、排泄物及黏液(urine, feces, and mucus)雖然有些難為情，但這些東西卻很容易就能分辨出來(lái)，得知接下來(lái)應(yīng)舉例說(shuō)明這些東西如何透露健康情形。

b. 選項(xiàng) (A) 說(shuō)，健康的鼻涕和痰(mucus in our nose and throat)是透明或白色的，而空格后提及黃色或綠色的黏液(mucus)便是細(xì)菌感染的征狀，分別是不同顏色的黏液代表的不同意義，符合上述推論，故為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

for example　　舉例來(lái)說(shuō)(= for instance)

例: Not all sea animals are fish. The dolphin, for example, is a mammal.

(并不是所有的海洋生物都是魚(yú)類。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，海豚是哺乳類動(dòng)物。)

3. 第三題空格應(yīng)選 (D)

理由:

a. 空格前說(shuō)舉腹瀉(diarrhea)為例，有五百多種因素(causes)會(huì)導(dǎo)致正常腹瀉，推測(cè)空格應(yīng)討論何種腹瀉為不正常。

b. 選項(xiàng) (D) 說(shuō)，如果連續(xù)發(fā)生好幾天，原因可能就不單純了，選項(xiàng)中的代名詞 it 即表上句的 diarrhea，兩句也均有關(guān)鍵詞 cause(因素)，而 for days on end(連續(xù)好多天)則呼應(yīng)前兩句的 The duration of changes in our body(身體功能在時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短方面的改變)，可知 (D) 為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

for days/weeks/months... + on end

連續(xù)……數(shù)天∕數(shù)星期∕數(shù)月等(不與數(shù)字并用)

一段時(shí)間 + in a row

連續(xù)……一段時(shí)間(與數(shù)字并用)

例: My neighbors have been playing loud music for hours on end.

(我的鄰居音樂(lè)放得震天響已經(jīng)連續(xù)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。)

例: Our team has won the championship four years in a row.

(本隊(duì)連續(xù)四年贏得冠軍。)

4. 第四題空格應(yīng)選 (E)

理由:

a. 空格前說(shuō)皮膚或眼睛的顏色偏黃可能是肝出了問(wèn)題(liver problems)。

b. 選項(xiàng) (E) 則說(shuō)，根據(jù)中醫(yī)，額頭上長(zhǎng)青春痘也是肝出問(wèn)題(liver troubles)的征兆，語(yǔ)意連貫，故為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

a. according to...　　根據(jù)……

例: According to my friend Marcus, Rain is very popular in America.

(根據(jù)我朋友馬克斯所言，Rain 在美國(guó)很紅。)

b. pimple n. 青春痘

c. forehead n. 額頭

5. 第五題空格應(yīng)選 (B)

理由:

a. 空格前說(shuō)缺乏鈣質(zhì)(A lack of calcium)可能導(dǎo)致腿抽筋或失眠。

b. 選項(xiàng) (B) 說(shuō)，有項(xiàng)迷思則是說(shuō)指甲上的白點(diǎn)也是缺乏鈣質(zhì)(calcium deficiency)的象征，兩句中皆有關(guān)鍵詞 calcium(鈣質(zhì))，且前句的 a lack of(缺乏)與選項(xiàng)中的 deficiency(缺乏)相呼應(yīng)，故為正選。

大補(bǔ)丸:

a. myth n. 迷思;錯(cuò)誤的概念

Contrary to popular myth, S + V　　與一般認(rèn)知不同的是，……

例: Contrary to popular myth, there's no such thing as bad luck.

(與一般認(rèn)知不同的是，沒(méi)有壞運(yùn)這種事。)

b. deficiency n. 缺乏

精解字詞詞組

1. provide a clue about...　　提供……的線索

例: The frosting on Sally's shirt provided a clue about who had eaten all the cake.

(莎莉襯衫上的糖霜透露出吃掉整塊蛋糕的人就是她。)

2. take on...　　呈現(xiàn)……(顏色、外表等)

例: The rotten fruit took on a terrible smell in the hot sun.

(爛掉的水果在大太陽(yáng)底下發(fā)出臭味。)

3. be aware of...　　注意……;知道……

例: You need to be aware of the exits in case there's an emergency.

(你必須知道出口在哪，以防緊急事件發(fā)生。)

4. a lack of...　　缺少……

例: The team couldn't buy better players because of a lack of money.

(由于缺乏資金，那個(gè)隊(duì)伍無(wú)法簽下更好的球員。)

5. result in...　　導(dǎo)致……

result from...　　由于……

例: Using new textbooks should result in better test scores for our students.

(使用新課本應(yīng)該能使我們的學(xué)生成績(jī)進(jìn)步。)

例: Jack's bad mood resulted from breaking up with his girlfriend.

(杰克心情不好是由于和女友分手之故。)

6. allergic a. 過(guò)敏的

be allergic to...　　對(duì)……過(guò)敏

例: Rita is allergic to peanuts. If she eats one, she could die.

(瑞塔對(duì)花生過(guò)敏，只要吃一顆就有可能讓她死掉。)

單字小鋪

1. determine vt. 決定

2. bodily a. 身體的

3. cause for concern　　令人擔(dān)心的理由

4. texture [ `tEkstSK ] n. 質(zhì)地

5. stuff n. 東西(不可數(shù))

6. urine n. 尿

7. feces n. 排泄物

8. mucus n. 黏液

9. embarrassing a.(物)令人尷尬的

embarrassed a.(人)感到尷尬的

10. recognizable a. 可辨認(rèn)的

11. bacterial a. 細(xì)菌的

12. duration n. 持續(xù)時(shí)間

13. function n. 功能

14. diarrhea n. 腹瀉

15. gross a. 惡心的

16. tone n. 色調(diào)

17. conjunctivitis n. 結(jié)膜炎

= pink eye

18. contagious a. 會(huì)傳染的

19. benefit vt. 有益于

20. calcium n. 鈣質(zhì)

21. cramp n. 抽筋

22. insomnia n. 失眠(癥)

insomniac n. 失眠癥患者

23. mild a. 輕微的

24. reaction n. 反應(yīng)(其后常與介詞 to 并用)

25. nail polish n. 指甲油

26. affect vt. 影響

effect n. 影響

中文翻譯&標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案

有時(shí)候需要昂貴的檢查才能判定我們的健康狀況，但其實(shí)我們的身體經(jīng)常透露出我們需要知道的一切。從小到大，我們就被教導(dǎo)需要注意身體上的哪些征兆。注意這些征兆能讓我們知道身體哪里正?；虿徽?。

我們最先學(xué)到的征兆是身體所排放的物質(zhì)在顏色、味道與質(zhì)地方面的改變，例如尿液、排泄物及黏液。雖然討論這些東西有些難為情，但很容易就能分辨出來(lái)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，健康的鼻涕和痰是透明或白色的。黃色或綠色的黏液便是細(xì)菌感染的征狀。身體功能在時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短方面的改變也能提供健康狀況的線索。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，腹瀉很常見(jiàn)，有五百多種因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致腹瀉。但如果持續(xù)好幾天，原因可能就不單純了。

并不是所有的身體征兆都那么惡心。皮膚或眼睛顏色偏黃可能是肝出了問(wèn)題。根據(jù)中醫(yī)，額頭上長(zhǎng)青春痘也是肝出問(wèn)題的征兆。眼睛紅可能是結(jié)膜炎的征兆，也就是所謂的 pink eye。這種發(fā)炎是會(huì)傳染的，因此及早注意到這項(xiàng)征兆對(duì)大家都有好處。

除了生病之外，不健康的生活方式也會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體發(fā)出某些訊號(hào)。缺乏鈣質(zhì)可能導(dǎo)致腿抽筋或失眠。有項(xiàng)迷思則是說(shuō)指甲上的白點(diǎn)也是缺乏鈣質(zhì)的象征。事實(shí)上，白點(diǎn)可能只是你用手過(guò)度。指甲輕微感染或?qū)χ讣子瓦^(guò)敏也會(huì)導(dǎo)致指甲上的白點(diǎn)。身體上的改變能透露出你的飲食或行為如何影響你的健康。

我們身體發(fā)出許多關(guān)于健康的訊息。借著解讀這些自然征兆，我們就能知道自己需要的是休息幾天、改變生活方式，或是需要看醫(yī)生。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案: 1. (C)　2. (A)　3. (D)　4. (E)　5. (B)