高級(jí)英語 Advanced English(張漢熙) 第一冊(cè) 5.Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
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Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
Winston S .Churchill
When I awoke on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasion of Russia. This changed conviction into certainty. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. There only remained the task of composing it. I asked that notice should immediately be given that I would broad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. Presently General Dill, who had hastened down from London, came into my bedroom with detailed news. The Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields, and seemed to be driving forward with great rapidity and violence. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, "I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes ."
I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to consult the War Cabinet, nor was it necessary. I knew that we all felt the same on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Stafford Cripps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the day.
The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secretary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest:
"On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were staying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Russia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.
After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr. Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. '
I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone message from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. The P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anything but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am. His only comment was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – night. 'He began to prepare the speech at 11a. m., and except for luncheon(= lunch), at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The speech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."
In this broadcast I said:
"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Communism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a more consistent consistent opponent of Communism than I have for the last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking , heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
"Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind...
"I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day's delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... That is our policy and that is our declaration. It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end....
"This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say：if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.
"This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler's blood-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain – namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.
"The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth )and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. "
關(guān)于希特勒入侵蘇聯(lián)的講話
溫斯頓o邱吉爾
二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒來便接到了希特勒入侵蘇聯(lián)的消息。這就使原先意料中的事變成了無可懷疑的事實(shí)。我完全清楚我們對(duì)此應(yīng)該承擔(dān)何種義務(wù)，采取何種政策。我也完全清楚該如何就此事發(fā)表聲明。尚待完成的只不過是將這一切形成文字而已。于是，我吩咐有關(guān)部門立即發(fā)表通告，我將于當(dāng)晚九點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)表廣播講話。不一會(huì)兒，匆匆從倫敦趕到的迪爾將軍走進(jìn)我的臥室，為我?guī)砹嗽敿?xì)情報(bào)。德國(guó)人已大規(guī)模入侵蘇聯(lián)，蘇聯(lián)空軍部隊(duì)有很大一部分飛機(jī)都沒來得及起飛便遭到德軍的突襲。德軍目前似乎正以凌厲的攻勢(shì)極為迅猛地向前推進(jìn)。這位皇家軍隊(duì)總參謀長(zhǎng)報(bào)告完畢后又補(bǔ)了一句，"我估計(jì)他們將會(huì)大批地被包圍。" 一整天我都在寫講稿，根本沒有時(shí)間去找戰(zhàn)時(shí)內(nèi)閣進(jìn)行磋商，也沒有必要這樣做。我知道我們大家在這個(gè)問題上的立場(chǎng)是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布魯克勛爵，還有斯塔福德o克里普斯爵士--他是十號(hào)離開莫斯科回國(guó)的--那天也同我在一起。
那個(gè)周末值班的是我的私人秘書科維爾先生。由他執(zhí)筆記述的下面這段關(guān)于那個(gè)星期天里切克爾斯首相官邸發(fā)生的情況的文字，也許值得一提：
"六月二十一日，星期六。晚飯前我來到切克爾斯首相官邸。懷南特夫婦、艾登夫婦和愛德華o布里奇斯等幾位均在那兒。晚飯席上，邱吉爾先生說，德國(guó)人人侵蘇聯(lián)已是必然無疑的了。他認(rèn)為希特勒是想指望博取英美兩國(guó)的資本家和右冀勢(shì)力的同情和支持。不過，希特勒的如意算盤打錯(cuò)了。我們英國(guó)將會(huì)全力以赴援助蘇聯(lián)。維南特表示美國(guó)也會(huì)采取同樣的態(tài)度。
晚飯后，當(dāng)我同邱吉爾先生在槌球場(chǎng)上散步時(shí)，他又一次談到了這一話題。我當(dāng)時(shí)問他，對(duì)于他這個(gè)頭號(hào)反共大將來說，這種態(tài)度是否意味著改變自己的政治立場(chǎng)。'絕非如此。我現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)只有一個(gè)，即消滅希特勒。這使我的生活單純多了。假使希特勒入侵地獄，我至少會(huì)在下議院替魔鬼說幾句好話的。'
次日清晨四點(diǎn)鐘，我被電話鈴驚醒，原來是外交部來的電話，內(nèi)容是報(bào)告德國(guó)已開始進(jìn)攻俄國(guó)的消息。首相一向吩咐，只有當(dāng)英國(guó)遭到入侵時(shí)才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八點(diǎn)鐘才向他報(bào)告這一消息。他聽完消息后只說了一句話：'通知英國(guó)廣播電臺(tái)，我今晚九點(diǎn)要發(fā)表廣播講話。'他從上午十一點(diǎn)開始撰寫講稿，中間除與斯塔福德.克里普斯爵士、克蘭伯恩勛爵和比弗布魯克勛爵共進(jìn)午餐外，這一天的全部時(shí)間都花在寫講稿上了……講稿直到九點(diǎn)差二十分才寫好。"
在這次廣播講話中，我說道：
"納粹政體與共產(chǎn)主義的最糟糕之處毫無兩樣。除了貪欲和種族統(tǒng)治外，它沒有任何指導(dǎo)思想和行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則。它在殘酷壓迫和瘋狂侵略過程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人類歷史上可謂空前絕后。在過去的二十五年中，我比任何人都更堅(jiān)定而始終如一地反對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義。過去對(duì)共產(chǎn)主義所作的批評(píng)我仍然一句也不想收回。但現(xiàn)在展現(xiàn)在我們面前的景象已經(jīng)將那一切沖得煙消云散了。過去的一切，連同它的種種罪惡、蠢行和悲劇全都從眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄國(guó)的士兵昂然挺立于自己的國(guó)土，英勇地捍衛(wèi)著他們祖祖輩輩自古以來一直辛勤耕耘著的土地。我看到他們正在守衛(wèi)著自己的家園，在那里母親和妻子正在向上帝祈禱--是啊，任何人都總有祈禱的時(shí)候--祈求上帝保佑她們的親人的平安，并保佑她們的壯勞力、她們的勇士和保護(hù)者凱旋歸來。我看見成千上萬的俄國(guó)村莊，那兒的人們雖然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)，卻依然能夠享受到天倫之樂，那兒的姑娘在歡笑，兒童在嬉戲。我看到這一切正面臨著兇暴的襲擊，正殺氣騰騰地?fù)湎蛩麄兊氖羌{粹的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器同它的那些全副武裝、刀劍當(dāng)當(dāng)有聲、皮靴咚咚作響的普魯士軍官以及它的那些奸詐無比、剛剛幫它征服并奴役了十多個(gè)國(guó)家的幫兇爪牙。我還看到那些呆頭呆腦、訓(xùn)練有素、既馴服聽話又兇殘野蠻的德國(guó)士兵像一群蝗蟲般地向前蠕動(dòng)著。我看見天空中那些屢遭英軍痛擊、余悸未消的德國(guó)轟炸機(jī)和戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)此時(shí)正慶幸終于找到他們以為是無力反抗、可手到即擒的獵物。 "在這些刀光劍影、腥風(fēng)血雨的場(chǎng)面背后，我看到一小撮惡棍在那里策劃、組織，并犯下了這慘絕人寰的滔天罪行……
"我不得不在此宣布大英帝國(guó)政府的決定--我相信大英帝國(guó)各自治領(lǐng)對(duì)這一決定會(huì)適時(shí)地表示一致贊同--因?yàn)槲覀儽仨毩⒓幢砻髯约旱膽B(tài)度，一天也不應(yīng)拖延。我必須發(fā)表正式宣言，難道還會(huì)有人不清楚我們將會(huì)采取何種政策嗎?我們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，一個(gè)唯一的、不可改變的目標(biāo)--我們決心消滅希特勒及納粹政權(quán)的一切痕跡。無論什么都不能使我們離開這一目標(biāo)。我們決不妥協(xié)，我們絕不與希特勒及其幫兇談判議和。我們將對(duì)他實(shí)施地面打擊，我們將對(duì)他實(shí)施海上打擊，我們將對(duì)他實(shí)施空中打擊，直到在主的幫助下，將他的魔影從地球上消除，將納粹統(tǒng)治下的人民從他所設(shè)的枷鎖中解放出來。任何堅(jiān)持同納粹集團(tuán)作戰(zhàn)的個(gè)人和國(guó)家都將得到我們的援助，任何與希特勒同流合污的個(gè)人和國(guó)家都是我們的敵人……這就是我們的政策，這就是我們的宣言。因此，我們將竭盡全力援助俄國(guó)政府和俄國(guó)人民。我們還將呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟國(guó)與我們同心協(xié)力，堅(jiān)定不移地戰(zhàn)斗到底……
"這絕不是一場(chǎng)階級(jí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，而是一場(chǎng)大英帝國(guó)和英聯(lián)邦共同參加的、不分種族、宗教信仰或政黨派別的全民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。至于美國(guó)方面的行動(dòng)，我無權(quán)代作宣言，但我要聲明一點(diǎn)：如果希特勒認(rèn)為他對(duì)蘇維埃俄國(guó)的進(jìn)攻會(huì)使那些決心埋葬他的偉大的民主國(guó)家稍稍轉(zhuǎn)移目標(biāo)或松懈斗志的話，那他就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。恰恰相反，我們將會(huì)更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更加勇敢地為將人類從他的暴政下解救出來而奮斗，我們將加強(qiáng)而不是削弱自己的決心和力量。
"那些讓自己遭到各個(gè)擊破的國(guó)家和政府，當(dāng)初若是采取聯(lián)合一致的行動(dòng)，本來是可以使自己和全世界免遭這場(chǎng)劫難的?，F(xiàn)在當(dāng)然不是對(duì)他們的愚蠢行為發(fā)表評(píng)論的時(shí)候。但在幾分鐘前，當(dāng)我談到希特勒受其嗜血成性、邪惡貪婪的驅(qū)使或引誘，貿(mào)然發(fā)動(dòng)了這次對(duì)俄國(guó)的侵略冒險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我還說過在他的瘋狂行為的背后隱藏著一個(gè)深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的動(dòng)機(jī)。他之所以想摧毀俄國(guó)，乃是因?yàn)樗谕坏┻@一行動(dòng)順利得手，他便可以將其陸、空軍主力從東線調(diào)回，投入對(duì)英倫三島的進(jìn)攻。他清楚地知道，他必須征服英國(guó)，否則，他將因其犯下的種種罪行而受到懲罰。入侵俄國(guó)的行動(dòng)只不過是他蓄謀已久的對(duì)英倫三島的入侵行動(dòng)的序幕而已。毫無疑問，他期望這一切能在冬季到來之前全部完成，期望在美國(guó)的?？哲妬聿患安迨指深A(yù)之前即能征服大不列顛。他期望能以空前的規(guī)模再度重演他長(zhǎng)期以來賴以發(fā)跡的將敵手各個(gè)擊破的故伎，然后便可以騰出場(chǎng)地來演出最后的一幕--將整個(gè)西半球置于他的控制和統(tǒng)治之下。他知道，如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，他的全部戰(zhàn)果都將化為泡影。
"由此可知，俄國(guó)現(xiàn)在所面臨的危險(xiǎn)就是我們自己的危險(xiǎn)，同樣也是美國(guó)的危險(xiǎn);俄國(guó)人民保家衛(wèi)國(guó)的事業(yè)就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事業(yè)。讓我們從過去的殘酷的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)中汲取教訓(xùn)吧。讓我們趁著生命未息、力量尚存之時(shí)，加倍努力，團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗吧。"
詞匯(Vocabulary)
horde ( n.) :a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群
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croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戲(一種用木槌擊木球鉆小圈的游戲)
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luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐;午宴;午餐(聚)會(huì)
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Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party).founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德國(guó)國(guó)社黨的，納粹黨的;納粹黨黨員，納粹分子
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indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能區(qū)別的，不能辨別的，難區(qū)分的
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devoid ( adj.) :completely without;empty or destitute(of)完全沒有的，缺乏的(后接of)
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excel ( v.) :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)優(yōu)于;勝過
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ferocious ( adj.) :fierce;savage;violently cruel兇猛的，殘忍的;兇惡的
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unsay ( v.) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言);收回(前言)
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folly ( n.) :foolishness;any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢;愚蠢的行為(或思想等)
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threshold ( n.) :doorstill;entrance or beginning point of sth.門檻;人口;開端
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till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing，etc.;cultivate耕種;耕耘;耕作
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immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record;ancient無法追憶的;無文字記載的;古老的
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wring (v.) :.get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort強(qiáng)求;榨取;勒索
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primodial (adj.) :not derivative;fundamental;original根本的;基本的
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hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc.;very ugly or revolting;dreadful駭人聽聞的;非常丑陋的;可怕的
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onslaught ( n.) :a violent，intense attack猛攻
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clank ( v. ) : make a sharp，metallic sound發(fā)當(dāng)啷聲，發(fā)鏗鏘聲
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dandify ( v.) :make a look like a dandy;dress up使打扮得像花花公子;給……穿上盛裝，給……喬裝打扮
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crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful;cunning;artful;sly狡猾的，狡詐的，詭計(jì)多端的
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cow ( v.) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe;intimidate恫嚇，嚇唬，威脅
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docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline;tractable易管教的;順從的，溫順的，馴服的;聽話的
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brutish ( adj. ) :of or like a brute;savage;gross野獸般的，殘忍的;粗野的
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plod ( v.) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously;trudge沉重緩慢地走
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swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移動(dòng)的)大群，大堆
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locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗蟲
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smart ( v.) :feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse，etc.感到痛苦;感到傷心
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prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的動(dòng)物;犧牲者;犧牲品
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villainous ( adj.) :of，like，or characteristic of a villain;evil;vicious;wicked壞人的;邪惡的;惡棍似的
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cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water;deluge洪水;急流;大雨
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concur ( v.) :agree(with);be in accord(in an opinion，etc.)同意，贊成，與……(意見)一致(常與with，in連用)
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irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone;unalterable不能取消的;不可廢止的;不可改變的;無可挽回的
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vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared殘跡;遺跡;痕跡
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parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy;confer會(huì)談(尤指與敵方的談判)
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creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信條;信念
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divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc.偏離，背離，背馳
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moralise ( v.) :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self-righteous or tedious way(在言談或?qū)懽髦?論道德問題;說教
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catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune驟然而來的大災(zāi)難;災(zāi)禍;禍患
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blood-lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound殺人欲，嗜殺狂
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lure ( v.) :attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引;誘惑;不斷引誘(常與on連用)
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hurl ( v.) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛擲;猛拋
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prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc.;preliminary part; preface;opening序言;序幕
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intervene ( v.) :come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant;interpose干涉，干預(yù)
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subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control;conquering征服，制服
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hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life;home爐邊;家庭生活;家庭
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短語(Expressions)
round up: cause sb.or sth.to gather in one place驅(qū)集，使集攏
例：The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach.導(dǎo)游把游客集合在一起，領(lǐng)他們回到車上。
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count on: rely on sb.or sth.with confidence依靠，信賴，指望
例：Don't count on a salary increase this year.別指望今年會(huì)加薪水。
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go all out: do one's utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴
例：I'lle team is going all out to win the championship.這個(gè)隊(duì)為了爭(zhēng)取冠軍而全力以赴。
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make a reference to: speaking of or mentioning sb.or sth.提到，提及
例：The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan. dal.這個(gè)評(píng)論員有針對(duì)性地提到了最近的丑聞。
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to the effect that: with the meaning that…,giving the information that…大意為
例：He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning.他留下一張字條，大意是說他不回來了。
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on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of在……門口，在……的開端
例：The politician was on the threshold of his career.那位政治家的事業(yè)剛剛起步。
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tie down: reduce to bondage;enslave束縛，限制，奴役
例：The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restric- tion.那個(gè)老工人不理會(huì)瑣細(xì)的規(guī)章制度的限制。
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in due course: at the appropriate time;eventually在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)，最終
例：Your request will be dealt with in due course.你的要求將在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候予以處理。
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it follows that: it shows that;from this we carl see that由此司見，由此斷定
例：He doesn't come to work today，but it doesn't necessarily follow that he is ill.他今天沒來上班，但并不見得他就是病了。
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