新概念英語第三冊(美音版)In the public interest

所屬教程:新概念英語第三冊(美音版)

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Lesson 53
In the public interest
為了公眾的利益
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What could not be reported in the official flees?
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his layers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
evolve
v. 逐漸形成
high-handed
adj. 高壓的，專橫的
incompetent
adj. 不夠格的，不稱職的
over-zealously
adv. 過分熱情地
safeguard
v. 保護
parliamentary
adj. 國會的
qalified
adj. 合格的
grievance
n. 不平，冤屈
Justiteombudsman
n. （瑞典的）司法特派員
ombudsman
n. （瑞典和英國的）司法特派員
secretive
adj. 保密的
correspondence
n. 來往信件
alter
v. 改變
accusation
n. 譴責(zé)，指控
ascertain
v. 查出，查明
prejudiced
adj. 有偏見的，不公平的
prompt
adj. 即時的

斯堪的納維亞半島各國實行開明的社會政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐漸形成了一種完善的制度以保護每個公民不受專橫的和不稱職的政府官員的欺壓。由于這種制度行之有效，已被其他國家采納。是瑞典人首先認識到政府工作人員如文職人員、警官、衛(wèi)生稽查員、稅務(wù)人員等等也會犯錯誤或者自以為在為公眾服務(wù)而把事情做過了頭。早在1809年，瑞典論會就建立一個保護公民利益的制度。議會內(nèi)有一個代表各政黨利益的委員會，由它委派一位稱職的人選專門調(diào)查個人對國家的意見。此人官銜為“司法特派員”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派員”。司法特派員不受任何政治壓力的制約。他聽取社會各階層的各種大小意見，并進行調(diào)查。由于意見均需用書面形式提出，司法特派員每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律師作他的助手協(xié)助工作，每封信都詳細批閱。司法特派員的工作沒有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公開的，供公眾監(jiān)督。如果公民的意見正確，司法特派員便為他伸張正義。司法特員采取的行動因意見的性質(zhì)不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批評某位官員，也可以甚至向議會提議修改某項法律。下述事件是司法特派員工作的一個典型例子。一個住在瑞典鄉(xiāng)村的外國人寫信給司法特派員，抱怨說他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因為他是個外國人。司法特派員立即寫信給當?shù)鼐炀珠L，請他寄送與此事有關(guān) 的材料。材料中沒有任何文字記載證明外國人所說的情況符合事實，警察局長矢口否認這一指控。司法特派員難以處理。但是，當他又收到住在同一村莊的另一個外國人寫的一封內(nèi)容類似的投訴信時，他立即派出一位律師前去調(diào)查。律師證實有個警察確實多次粗魯?shù)貙Υ鈬恕＞炱缫曂鈬说氖略诠俜綑n案中不可能加以記載，司法特派員只有派他的代表去核對事實才能了解真相。當事的警察受到嚴厲的斥責(zé)，并被告知，如果再有人投訴他，他將受到起訴。司法特派員及時采取的行動，迅速制止了這一起不愉快的事件，不然這件事可能因未得到人們注意而不了了之。

◆evolve v. 逐漸形成
vt. develop gradually
Eg: He has developed / evolved a new system for running the factory.
evolve a system for doing sth.
Man has evolved from the ape. 人類是從類人猿進化而來的。（演化）
evolve from
evolution 發(fā)展，演變
Eg: The evolution isn’t unexpected.
-ism / socialism / evolutionism 進化論
evolutionist 進化論者
evolutional 發(fā)展的，進化的
resolve (L50) / resolve to do sth. 下定決心做某事
resolution / revolve
Eg: The earth is round, and every day and night it is revolving.
involve vt. 卷入，牽涉/ be involved in
Eg: He is involved in the case.

◆high-handed adj. 高壓的，專橫的
◆incompetent adj. 不夠格的，不稱職的
competent: having ability / qualification to do sth.
be competent to do sth.
be competent for sth.
qualified / fit
Eg: He is competent / qualified / fit for the job.
incompetent / unfit
competent: sufficient / enough adequate
Eg: He has a competent knowledge of French.
He is competent to teach the language.
competnece / qualification for / to
the competence for / to
Eg: He has the ability to do the job.
He has the capability / capacity of doing the job.
He has the competence to do / for the job.
qualification

◆over-zealously adv. 過分熱情地
over- zealous / zealously

◆safeguard v. 保護
safequard: n. / vt. (書面用語，比較正式)
protect
Eg: We must safeguard our motherland.
We must safegiard our state territorial integrity.
Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease.
safeguard / guard 保安
Eg: We need several safeguards.
protect
safeguard / protect our eyes
◆parliamentary adj. 國會的
◆qalified adj. 合格的
◆grievance n. 不平，冤屈
grief
Eg: I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight because I have to comfort my friend in grief.
grieve: cause grief to
Eg: It grieves me to see him in such bad health.

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L53-02 begin 17’18”

grieve for / about / over
grieve / in grief
grieve / it grieves me

◆Justiteombudsman n. （瑞典的）司法特派員
◆ombudsman n. （瑞典和英國的）司法特派員
◆secretive adj. 保密的
secritive letters

◆correspondence n. 來往信件
keep up correspondence 保持通信聯(lián)系
keep in touch with sb. by writing letters
Eg: We keep up correspondence recently for several years.
by / through correspondence
by writing letters
correspondence school 函授學(xué)校
correspondence course 函授課程
correspondence: agreement / similarity 相似，一致
in correspondence with sb. 與......一致/ 保持通信聯(lián)系
bring sth. into correspondence with sth.
Eg: We must bring your idea into correspondence with mine.
correspondent 通信員，通信者

◆◆◆alter v. 改變
alter / change
alter: change in character, appearance etc. partly
Eg: The shirt must be altered. It is too large.
change: 完全、徹底的變化
Eg: Great changes have taken place in our country.
He changed a lot after so many years of hard work, so I even can’t recognise him.
convert: 改變（態(tài)度上）;變化
Eg: He converted to Buddhism.
The new house is converted from an old one.
transform: 形態(tài)或性質(zhì)上發(fā)生變化，主要指物理能量上的轉(zhuǎn)變，或電壓的改變
Eg: We can transform one form of energy into another.
vary: 由于改變而使多樣化
Eg: Customs vary with the times
turn

◆accusation n. 譴責(zé)，指控
◆ascertain v. 查出，查明
find out / get to know / make certain / make sure
Eg: Let us ascertain when we will hold the party.
讀音：certain / ascertain

◆prejudiced adj. 有偏見的，不公平的
prejudice
Pride and Prejudice 傲慢與偏見

◆prompt adj. 即時的

for: because of
be admired for
Eg: He is admired by us for his humor.
worldwide

背熟：evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from..
evolve a system for doing sth.
protect / safeguard from
Eg: I can’t conceal my amusement. 我不能夠掩飾我幸災(zāi)樂禍的心情。
Your excitement is beyond me. 你的激動的表現(xiàn)/心情是我難以理解的。
evolve an excellent system for doing sth.
has worked so well: workable
adopt / adapt

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L53-03 begin 16’24”

adopt 采納
adapt 改編，以適應(yīng)（指修改或改變以適應(yīng)新條件）

unsuitable mistakes
were the first / secone / last / only to do sth.
public officials: public officers

in the belief that: believe in
Eg: He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him.
He turned to me for help in the believe that I could lend him a hand.
He turned to me for help believing that I could lend him a hand.
in the hope: hoping
in the thought: thinking
Eg: We come here in the hope that we will learn English well.
We come here hoping to learn English well.
Judges, however wise or eminent, are mortak and can make mistakes.
as long ago as 1809: dating back to 1809
date back to / date from

introduce : bring in 引入
Eg: He introduced science to the game boxing.
He brought science into the game boxing.
scheme 制度
Eg: Sometimes, you need to find a right place to put your latest addition.

represent
Eg: The statue represented a goddess.
A monitor representing his classmates.

be qualified to do sth. / be competent to do sth.

refer to sb. as 把某人稱之為......

背熟：The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.
be subject to sth. 易受......的影響(to 介詞); 隸屬于
Eg: He is subject to cold during winter.
be likely to do (不定式to)
Eg: He is likely to catch cold during winter.
be prone to
Eg: He is prone to flu during winter.
be liable to do

隸屬于
Eg: Your plan is subject to my approval.
We have a good plan, but the plan must be subject to our teacher’s approval.

背熟：He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
complaints large and small 形容詞短語做定語，放在被修飾詞之后
grievances
Eg: A great many students, boy and girl, went to the party yesterday.
Many people, old and yound, visit the shop.

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L53-04 begin 17’18”

be made in writing: be written down
an average of 平均
I work for 8 hours every day.
I work for an average of 8 hours a day.
We have got 15 students in each class.
each 二個的平均
every 三個以上的平均
Eg: We have got an average of 15 students in each / every class.
in detail / in details
justified: justice
on his behalf: in his interest

vary / varied / various

名詞前加定冠詞the表示“這一類”時，名詞就不要加表示復(fù)數(shù)的-s, 否則則表示這部分。
Eg: The refrigerators are useful during hot summer. (錯)
The refrigerator is useful during hot summer.
Refrigerators are useful during hot summer.
A refrigerator is useful during hot summer.

nature: character
a law (should) be altered
suggest to sb.

背熟：The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
The following case is a typical example of it you can judge by yourself.

Paragraph 3:
A foreigner living in a Swedish village: A foreigner who is living in a Swedish village.
A foreigner wrote a letter to the Ombudsman complaining...
The editor sent a fax instructing the journalist to get statistics.
simply because: only because / just because

accuse sb. of doing sth.
the matter: the case

背熟：The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
ascertain that / sth.
made sure that / made certain that
dealt roughly with: ill-treated
be prejudiced against sb. / sth.
Eg: If you are prejudiced against sth. , you must take objection to it.
find this out: to discover it
check the facts: verify the facts

It is only possible for us to learn the language well if we study hard.
representative / represent
a committee representing all political parties
lawyer assistants
in question: 當事的，所涉及的
practice: what the policeman did / the way that he treated with foreigners
put an end to
stop
prevent
You prevent me from doing the work

背熟：The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
which might have gone unnoticed: which might have gone without being noticed
Eg: If they had had only one more child, they would have lived in obscurity unnoticed.

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