英19歲程序員發(fā)明第一個(gè)機(jī)器人律師

British programmer Joshua Browder is helping people save a lot of money on legal fees with his latest project – the world’s first robot lawyer. The 19-year-old developed a free service that allows users to ask any kind of legal question and receive relevant answers autogenerated by bots.

英國(guó)程序員約書(shū)亞·布勞德只有19歲，他的新項(xiàng)目——世界上第一個(gè)機(jī)器人律師，能幫人們省下不少法律費(fèi)用。用戶詢問(wèn)的任何法律問(wèn)題，機(jī)器人程序都可以自動(dòng)生成相關(guān)答案，而且此項(xiàng)服務(wù)是免費(fèi)的。

Browder first started the project last summer as a free website to help people appeal unfair parking tickets. He came up with the idea after getting a series of tickets himself for "trivial reasons". Having wasted several hours on writing appeals to these tickets, he realised that many people do not have the time, legal knowledge or even the energy to appeal. So he decided to create an automatic appeal generator, using previously successful letters as a template. He aptly named the service DoNotPay, given that the legal fees involved in challenging tickets could mount up to sizable amounts between $400 to $900.

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目去年夏天剛開(kāi)始啟動(dòng)，當(dāng)時(shí)布勞德只是想做一個(gè)免費(fèi)網(wǎng)站，幫助人們對(duì)不公平的停車罰單進(jìn)行上訴。他萌生出這個(gè)想法是因?yàn)樗约壕鸵?ldquo;無(wú)關(guān)緊要的原因”被開(kāi)了一連串的罰單。在浪費(fèi)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)寫(xiě)上訴書(shū)后，他意識(shí)到很多人并沒(méi)有時(shí)間、法律知識(shí)、甚至精力對(duì)這些罰單進(jìn)行上訴。所以他決定做一個(gè)自動(dòng)申訴生成器，以之前成功的申訴書(shū)為模板。鑒于對(duì)罰單進(jìn)行上訴的法律費(fèi)用可以達(dá)到400至900美元之多，他恰當(dāng)?shù)亟o這項(xiàng)服務(wù)命名為“不要付錢”。

DoNotPay was a huge success, and the tech genius has now gone a step further with the website, converting it into a full fledged robo lawyer equipped to help with a range of legal issues. "I realised that the best way to help people would be to create a computer program that could talk to users, generate appeals, and answer questions like a human," he told Mashable. "The robot can currently handle parking ticket appeals, payment protection insurance (PPI) claims and delayed flights/trains. It can also answer some general legal questions like ‘I can’t afford my ticket. What do I do?’"

“不要付錢”取得了巨大的成功，這個(gè)科技天才在網(wǎng)站的基礎(chǔ)上又向前邁出了一步，把網(wǎng)站轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)受過(guò)充分訓(xùn)練的機(jī)器人律師，可以幫助人們解決許多法律問(wèn)題。他對(duì)新聞網(wǎng)站Mashable說(shuō)：“我意識(shí)到幫助人們的最好方式就是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)電腦程序，這個(gè)程序可以與人對(duì)話、生成上訴書(shū)、回答問(wèn)題，就像人一樣。目前，這個(gè)機(jī)器人可以處理停車罰單上訴問(wèn)題、支付保護(hù)保險(xiǎn)(PPI)索賠問(wèn)題和飛機(jī)、火車延誤問(wèn)題。它還可以解答一些基本的法律問(wèn)題，比如‘我付不起罰單，該怎么辦?’”

"I am ultimately looking to give it as much functionality as possible in the spirit of trying to replace the large group of exploitative lawyers," he added. To use the service, users need to go to the website donotpay.co.uk and sign up for free. Once signed in, the robot will ask the user a series of questions about their situation. When it has collected enough information, and if the person has legal grounds for an appeal, the robot will then generate a letter for the person to use.

他還說(shuō)：“秉著設(shè)法避免被大批律師剝削的精神，我總是盡可能地給它多添加功能”。使用這項(xiàng)服務(wù)，用戶需要到網(wǎng)站donotpay.co.uk免費(fèi)注冊(cè)。注冊(cè)成功后，機(jī)器人會(huì)向他們?cè)儐?wèn)一系列有關(guān)自身情況的問(wèn)題。收集到足夠信息后，如果用戶的申訴有法律依據(jù)，機(jī)器人就會(huì)生成上訴書(shū)。

Browder told Mashable that he received good advice from his professors at Stanford University, where he is currently a freshman. "Initially, I thought the best way to go about it was to create lots of individual rules for it to follow," he explained. "However, I quickly failed with this approach because there are thousands of ways to say the same thing and it would be impossible to catch every one. The breakthrough came when I learned how to create a way for the robot to learn and compare phrases itself, so that it doesn’t matter how the user phrases his or her requests."

現(xiàn)在布勞德在斯坦福大學(xué)讀大一，他告訴Mashable說(shuō)教授給了他很好的建議。他解釋說(shuō)：“一開(kāi)始，我認(rèn)為做這個(gè)程序最好的方法就是設(shè)定許多規(guī)則讓它遵守。但是，很快我就放棄了這個(gè)方法，因?yàn)楸磉_(dá)同一件事有幾千種方式，我不可能為每種方式都設(shè)定規(guī)則。當(dāng)我學(xué)會(huì)如何讓機(jī)器人自身去學(xué)習(xí)和分辨措辭時(shí)，這才有了突破。這樣一來(lái)用戶提問(wèn)的方式就不成問(wèn)題了。”

So he programmed the robot to use text comparison that includes keywords, word order and pronouns. And the more that people use the robot, the better the algorithm gets. But there are situations where the robot can’t help, there’s a response ready for that too. "If the robot can’t answer, it provides generic and helpful message offering the user some sample phrases or the option of contacting me directly," Browder said. "On the backend, whenever the robot can’t answer, I get notified and I work as quickly as possible to add functionality for any future requests of a similar nature."

因此他給機(jī)器人裝上了文本對(duì)比程序，包括對(duì)比關(guān)鍵詞、詞序和代詞。并且使用機(jī)器人的用戶越多，這套算法就越完善。但是總會(huì)有機(jī)器人無(wú)法解答的問(wèn)題，對(duì)此他也有對(duì)策。布勞德說(shuō)：“如果機(jī)器人不能回答某個(gè)問(wèn)題，他就會(huì)給用戶提供一些通用的、有用的信息，比如一些樣本措辭，或者選擇直接與我聯(lián)系。在后臺(tái)，一旦機(jī)器人遇到不會(huì)回答的問(wèn)題，我都會(huì)得到通知，然后我就會(huì)盡快為它補(bǔ)充相關(guān)功能，這樣以后遇到類似問(wèn)題它就可以解決了。”