Smart office attire 穿衣如何提高影響力？

有句老話(huà)說(shuō)得好：人靠衣裝，馬靠鞍。這句話(huà)不是沒(méi)有科學(xué)根據(jù)。

Recently published research shows what we wear not only affects how we and other people perceive us, it can also make us look at the world differently. Even if your company doesn’t have a dress code requiring employees to put on suits and ties and skirts covering the knees, you might want to put on slightly more formal attire if you want to get ahead in your career.

最新公布的研究表明，著裝不僅僅會(huì)影響我們和他人對(duì)自己的看法，還能讓我們換個(gè)角度去看世界。即使公司沒(méi)有諸如穿西裝、打領(lǐng)帶、裙子過(guò)膝蓋一類(lèi)的著裝令，但希望在職場(chǎng)上更有作為的人，還是會(huì)穿得更正式一些。

In 2013, Adam D. Galinsky, a professor at Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management in the US, popularized the idea of “enclothed cognition”.

2013年，美國(guó)西北大學(xué)凱洛格商學(xué)院的亞當(dāng)•加林斯基教授，推廣了“穿衣認(rèn)知”這一理念。

According to The New York Times, Galinsky found that when people put on a white lab coat they believe belongs to a doctor, they became more focused and careful and they were a little smarter when performing cognitive tasks.

據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，加林斯基教授發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們穿上他們認(rèn)為是只有醫(yī)生才穿的白大褂時(shí)，他們會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更專(zhuān)注、更細(xì)心，在執(zhí)行認(rèn)知性任務(wù)時(shí)也會(huì)更機(jī)智。

The phrase “enclothed cognition” is derived from “embodied cognition”, the idea that your thoughts are shaped by your physical activities.

“穿衣認(rèn)知”從“體驗(yàn)認(rèn)知”而來(lái)，即你的身體活動(dòng)構(gòu)造了你的思想。

For example, washing your hands is associated with moral or ethical judgments. Another example is if you carry a heavy clipboard, you will feel more important.

比如，洗手這個(gè)動(dòng)作和道德或倫理判斷有聯(lián)系。又或者，當(dāng)你拿著一個(gè)很重的寫(xiě)字板時(shí)，你會(huì)自覺(jué)感到更加重要。

Galinsky found that clothes invade both the body and the mind, putting the wearer into a different psychological state.

加林斯基教授發(fā)現(xiàn)，服裝會(huì)“侵入”你的身體和思想，讓穿著者產(chǎn)生完全不同的心理狀態(tài)。

A more recent study looking specifically at how formal clothes change people’s thought processes confirms this. “Putting on formal clothes makes us feel powerful, and that changes the basic way we see the world,” says Abraham Rutchick, an author of the study and a professor of psychology at California State University in the US.

另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查專(zhuān)門(mén)研究了正裝如何改變了人們的思維過(guò)程，同時(shí)也證實(shí)了上述結(jié)論。該項(xiàng)調(diào)研的負(fù)責(zé)人、美國(guó)加州州立大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授亞伯拉罕•盧奇克表示，“穿正裝讓我們感覺(jué)更強(qiáng)大，而這種感覺(jué)改變了我們看待世界的基本方式。”

Big ideas

好點(diǎn)子

According to The Atlantic, Rutchick and his colleagues found that wearing clothing that’s more formal than usual makes people think more broadly, rather than narrowly and about small details. In other words, wearing a suit encourages people to use abstract processing more readily than concrete processing.

據(jù)美國(guó)《大西洋月刊》報(bào)道，盧奇克和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，穿著更正式可以讓人們的思路更開(kāi)闊，不再拘泥于小細(xì)節(jié)。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，穿西服更容易讓人們發(fā)揮抽象思維，而非具象思維。

How can abstract processing help us at work? Imagine you get critical feedback from your colleagues or your boss.

抽象處理在工作上有何幫助?試想你的同事或者上司給了一個(gè)批評(píng)性的反饋意見(jiàn)。

“If you think about it with a concrete processing style, it’s more likely to negatively impact your self-esteem,” says Michael Slepian, another one of the paper’s authors and a professor of management at Columbia Business School in the US. Slepian added that thinking about money with an abstract processing style might lead one to avoid impulsive purchases in favor of smarter, long-term savings behaviors.

“如果你具象化地去思考這件事，可能會(huì)感覺(jué)非常傷自尊，”研究論文的另一位作者、美國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)商學(xué)院的管理學(xué)教授邁克爾•斯樂(lè)賓表示。他還補(bǔ)充道，用抽象化的處理方式看待金錢(qián)問(wèn)題，可以讓人避免沖動(dòng)購(gòu)物，轉(zhuǎn)而青睞長(zhǎng)期儲(chǔ)蓄。

But as casual attire becomes the norm in a lot of workplaces, it would seem that people will no longer associate formal attire with power and competence.

但是，隨著休閑著裝在很多工作場(chǎng)所已被大家習(xí)以為常，人們看似不再將正裝和權(quán)力以及能力相關(guān)聯(lián)。

Slepian thinks the opposite. “You could even predict the effect could get stronger if formal clothing is only reserved for the most formal of situations,” he was quoted by The Atlantic as saying: “It takes a long time for symbols and our agreed interpretations of those symbols to change, and I wouldn’t expect the suit as a symbol of power to be leaving us anytime soon.”

然而，斯樂(lè)賓并不這么認(rèn)為，他表示，“如果正裝只在最正式的場(chǎng)合出現(xiàn)，你甚至可以想象得到，它對(duì)人的影響會(huì)更強(qiáng)烈。” 《大西洋月刊》援引他的話(huà)稱(chēng)，“我們生活中的符號(hào)以及我們對(duì)這些符號(hào)的解讀需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能改變，我認(rèn)為正裝作為權(quán)力符號(hào)的意義不會(huì)很快消失。”