VOA慢速英語(yǔ):吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺癌以及多種疾病

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)健康報(bào)道。

A new report from the United States surgeon general finds that smoking tobacco is even deadlier than had been known. The report says smoking causes birth defects - a leading cause of death among babies. It also links smoking to cancer of the liver and colorectal, diabetes and other diseases.

來(lái)自美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生署長(zhǎng)(surgeon general)的一份新的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸煙比我們已知的更為致命。該報(bào)告稱，吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致先天性缺陷，這是嬰兒死亡的首要原因。它還將吸煙與肝癌、結(jié)腸癌、糖尿病等疾病聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

The first U.S. surgeon general's report on tobacco and health was released in 1964. It was the first scientific report to link smoking with lung cancer and heart disease. Now, 50 years later, Acting Surgeon General Boris Lushniak has released a new report. His report provides more evidence about smoking tobacco and how it can harm health.

第一份美國(guó)公共 衛(wèi)生署長(zhǎng)關(guān)于煙草和健康的報(bào)告發(fā)布于1964年。它是第一份將吸煙與肺癌和心臟病聯(lián)系起來(lái)的科學(xué)報(bào)告。現(xiàn)在50年過(guò)去了，公共衛(wèi)生代理署長(zhǎng)鮑里斯·魯希尼 亞克(Boris Lushniak)發(fā)布了一份最新的報(bào)告。他的報(bào)告提供了關(guān)于吸煙及其影響健康的更多證據(jù)。

"If we're going to work together to achieve a society free of tobacco-related disease, this must be understood," said Lushniak.

魯希尼亞克說(shuō)，“如果我們要共同努力實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)擺脫煙草相關(guān)疾病的社會(huì)，這一點(diǎn)必須了解。”

The new report urges increased use of tobacco-control measures. The suggested controls include raising prices of cigarettes, and expanding bans on smoking in a closed spaces.

這份新報(bào)告督促?gòu)?qiáng)化煙草控制措施的應(yīng)用。建議的措施包括提高香煙價(jià)格，擴(kuò)大密閉空間吸煙禁令。

The 2014 report calls for research on whether lowing the amount of nicotine in cigarettes could help people stop smoking. It also contains new findings.

這份2014年的報(bào)告呼吁研究降低香煙中尼古丁的含量是否有助于人們戒煙。報(bào)告還包含了一些新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

"Today we know that smoking is a cause of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and poor response to treatment of arthritis, erectile dysfunction, and increased risk of tuberculosis, disease and death. We're adding colon, rectal and liver cancer to the long list of cancers caused by smoking," said Lushniak.

魯希尼亞克說(shuō)，“今天我們知道，吸煙是糖尿病、類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎、關(guān)節(jié)炎治療效果不佳、勃起功能障礙，以及肺結(jié)核、疾病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的一個(gè)原因。我們正把結(jié)腸癌、直腸癌和肝癌增加到吸煙引起的一長(zhǎng)串癌癥名單中。”

Doctor Lushniak also said smoking suppresses the body's natural defenses for fighting disease. He said this increases a smoker's likelihood of getting an infectious disease.

魯希尼亞克醫(yī)生還表示，吸煙會(huì)抑制人體對(duì)抗疾病的自然免疫力。他說(shuō)，這會(huì)增加吸煙者患上傳染性疾病的可能性。

"One of the most disturbing findings is that the disease risks from smoking by women have risen sharply over the last fifty years. Women are now as likely to die from smoking as men, women smokers' risk of lung cancer is now the same as men, and more women die from chronic lung disease than men," said Lushniak.

魯希尼亞克說(shuō)，“最讓人不安的一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)是，源自女性吸煙的疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在過(guò)去50年大幅上升。女性現(xiàn)在和男性一樣可能死于吸煙。女性煙民患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)現(xiàn)在和男性一樣，而且死于慢性肺部疾病的女性比男性更多。”

The new report finds that those who do not smoke are at a higher risk for stroke if left unprotected from tobacco smoke. The latest research also shows damage to unborn children. Babies are more likely to be born with cleft palate if the mother smokes. The chemicals in tobacco smoke can have lasting effects on brain development in a fetus.

這份新的報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，非煙民如果不得到保護(hù)遠(yuǎn)離香煙的煙霧，就會(huì)面臨較高的中風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最新的研究還表明會(huì)傷害未出世的寶寶。如果母親吸煙，孩子生下來(lái)就更可能患先天性腭裂。香煙煙霧中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能會(huì)對(duì)胎兒的大腦發(fā)育產(chǎn)生持久影響。

The surgeon general would like to see more action to keep young people from developing a smoking habit. He supports higher prices on cigarettes, more anti-smoking media campaigns and more help for people who want to quit smoking.

美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生署長(zhǎng)希望看到更多行動(dòng)防止年輕人染上吸煙惡習(xí)。他支持更高香煙價(jià)格，更多反吸煙媒體宣傳，以及更多幫助意圖戒煙者。