VOA慢速英語:The Changing Landscape of U.S. Farm Production

From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語農(nóng)業(yè)報(bào)道節(jié)目。

Demand for meat, milk and eggs is growing around the world. To meet that demand, the way these products are produced is changing. The change is from small farms to large industrial operations. This has already happened in the United States.

全球?qū)θ忸?、牛奶和雞蛋的需求不斷增長(zhǎng)。為了滿足這一需求，這類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方式正在發(fā)生變化。從小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)到大型產(chǎn)業(yè)化農(nóng)村都經(jīng)歷了這種變化。這一切都已經(jīng)在美國(guó)發(fā)生。

But not everyone is happy with the change. As a result, there is also a growing demand for products growing locally on small farms.

但并非所有人都喜歡這種變化。因此，公眾對(duì)本地小農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的需求也在不斷增長(zhǎng)。

In Clinton, North Carolina, some old buildings are all that remain from the days when James Lame raised hogs next to his home. He saw that small farmers were having trouble competing with companies that own large farms.

在卡羅萊納州的克林頓縣，一些老建筑是當(dāng)年詹姆斯·拉梅(James Lame)在自家附近養(yǎng)豬時(shí)所剩下的唯一的東西。他親眼看到小農(nóng)戶在和擁有大農(nóng)場(chǎng)的公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中遇到麻煩。

"They had better consistency, better pork quality, better genetics. So after college, in '98, I decided to try and modernize."

“他們(指擁有大農(nóng)場(chǎng)的公司)有更好的持續(xù)性，更好的豬肉質(zhì)量，更好的遺傳學(xué)。所以98年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我決定嘗試一下(農(nóng)場(chǎng))現(xiàn)代化。”

He stopped raising hogs in small building and built two industrial-scale hog barns, each of them holds 1,500 hogs. Nearly all pigs are raised this way in the United States now.

他停止在小房子里養(yǎng)豬并建成了兩幢工業(yè)化規(guī)模的豬舍。每個(gè)豬舍能容下1500頭生豬?，F(xiàn)在美國(guó)幾乎所有的豬都是這樣喂養(yǎng)的。

The government says the efficiency of large-scale production in a controlled environment has helped reduce the price of a pork chop by nearly 20 percent since 1998.

美國(guó)政府表示，在可控環(huán)境下大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的效率已經(jīng)使得1998年以來的豬排價(jià)格降低了近20%。

These efficient and intensive production methods are being used around the world, many experts say that is a good thing as the demand for meat grows. But livestock expert Carolyn Opio points out that the land, water and feed required to produce it are limited.

這些高效、集約化生產(chǎn)方式被應(yīng)用于世界各地。許多專家表示，由于對(duì)肉類需求的增長(zhǎng)，這是件好事。但畜牧專家卡羅琳·奧比奧(Carolyn Opio)指出，生產(chǎn)所需的土地、水和飼料是有限的。

"If we are to produce within the constraints that we are facing today, efficiency, I think, is key."

她說，“如果我們?cè)诋?dāng)今面臨的限制條件下生產(chǎn)，我認(rèn)為效率是關(guān)鍵。”

Mrs Opio is with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, but the results of the efficiency are not always necessarily good. The waste from thousands of confined animals can pollute waterways, and produce greenhouse gases.

奧比奧女士就職于聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)組織。但效率導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果并不一定好。圈養(yǎng)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的廢物會(huì)污染水道并產(chǎn)生溫室氣體。

And some health experts are concerned about the antibiotics and other chemicals being put in the animal's feed. Others criticize the conditions in which the animals are kept.

而一些衛(wèi)生專家關(guān)心的是動(dòng)物飼料中投放的抗生素和其它化學(xué)物質(zhì)。其他人則批評(píng)動(dòng)物的喂養(yǎng)條件。

So today a growing number of people are like Kevin Summers in Amissville, Virginia, are returning to small-scale farming.

所以今天越來越多人都像弗吉尼亞州阿米斯維爾(Amissville)的凱文·薩默斯(Kevin Summers)一樣，正回歸到小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖。

"In order to feed the world, I think this is a better way, It's a cleaner way. It's a more humane way."

他說，“為了養(yǎng)活世界，我認(rèn)為這是更好的辦法。它更清潔更人性化。”

More Americans today say they want to know where their food comes from, some might like the way Kevin Summers raises his hogs.

如今越來越多美國(guó)人表示，他們想要知道食物來源，一些人可能會(huì)喜歡薩默斯養(yǎng)豬的方式。

"I can see the entire process unfold before my eyes and know that they had a good life and were healthy and happy."

他說，“我可以看到整個(gè)流程展現(xiàn)在我眼前，并知道它們生活不錯(cuò)，過得健康快樂。”

The hogs eat damaged apples and old pumpkins, this reduces food waste, but this kind of farming also means higher prices. Even so, Kevin Summers as he believes it would still be possible to meet global demand this way.

這些豬吃爛蘋果和老南瓜，這可以減少糧食浪費(fèi)，但這類養(yǎng)殖也意味著價(jià)格更高。即使如此，薩默斯仍然相信這樣做仍然能做到滿足全球需求。

"It would just involve people making the choice to buy this kind of food and say that, 'I care about something other than just the cost.'"

他說，“這只是個(gè)選擇問題，買這類食品的人們會(huì)說，'我關(guān)心的是費(fèi)用以外的一些東西。'”