VOA慢速英語(yǔ):主要雞肉生產(chǎn)商將停止使用抗生素
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The largest chicken meat producer in the United States says it will stop giving its birds antibiotics that doctors use to treat humans.Tyson Foods made the announcement April 28. It said it plans to complete the change by 2017.
美國(guó)最大的雞肉制造商表示將停止對(duì)雞類使用人類抗生素。Tyson食品在4月28日作此聲明。并稱在2017年徹底完成改革。
Health experts say over use of the medicines is part of the reason more bacteria are becoming resistant to them.
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健康專家稱過(guò)度使用藥物是細(xì)菌抗藥性增強(qiáng)的原因之一。
Farmers have fed livestock small amounts of antibiotics for many years. The drugs help the animals grow faster and prevent the spread of sickness among farm animals that live close together.
農(nóng)場(chǎng)主多年來(lái)一直向家畜喂食少量抗生素，因?yàn)檫@種藥物可以幫助家畜長(zhǎng)得更快并且可以防止集體養(yǎng)殖家畜間的疾病傳播。
But bacteria living in and on the animals develop and become immune to the drugs. In other words, the antibiotics no longer have any effect. These drug-resistant bacteria then enter the bodies of people who eat the birds or livestock. Then, infections in humans become more costly and difficult to treat. Sometimes, treatment does not work at all.
但是家畜體內(nèi)的細(xì)菌自身會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)適應(yīng)這一環(huán)境從而產(chǎn)生免疫性。換句話說(shuō)，就是喂食抗生素對(duì)抑制細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)不會(huì)再有任何作用。這些抗藥性細(xì)菌隨后會(huì)進(jìn)入食用這種家禽類食品的人類體內(nèi)。從而人類感染疾病的治療費(fèi)用就會(huì)更高也更難以治愈，一些時(shí)候甚至是無(wú)法治療的。
Donnie Smith is the president of Tyson Foods. He says the company has already begun reducing its use of antibiotics.
Donnie Smith是Tyson食品公司的主席。他說(shuō)其公司已經(jīng)開始減少抗生素的使用。
“As a result of our efforts, only a very small percentage of our chicken flocks receive human antibiotics today.”
通過(guò)我們的努力，現(xiàn)在只有非常少的一部分雞群使用人類抗生素。
He says the company will stop giving its birds antibiotics by the end of 2017.
他說(shuō)其公司將會(huì)在2017年底停止向家畜使用抗生素。
Sasha Stashwick is a policy expert at the Natural Resources Defense Council, and environmental group. The NRDC has been calling for an end to the use of antibiotics in animals for many years. Ms. Stashwick says other companies have recently announced their decision to end the use of the medicine in the animals they produce.
Sasha Stashwick是自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)和環(huán)保組織的政策專家。NRDC多年來(lái)一直呼吁停止對(duì)動(dòng)物使用抗生素。Stashwick說(shuō)其他公司最近也宣布了停止對(duì)其生產(chǎn)的肉類家畜使用抗生素。
“…we’re seeing that over a third of the industry at this point either has eliminated the use of medically-important antibiotics in its production or has made a public commitment to do so within the next few years.”
我們看到在這一點(diǎn)上有超過(guò)三分之一的生產(chǎn)商或者取消了對(duì)其產(chǎn)品使用抗生素或者已經(jīng)公開承諾在近幾年內(nèi)停止使用抗生素。
While the use of antibiotics in birds and livestock is decreasing in the U.S. and Europe, it is expected to increase in the developing world. There is a growing demand for meat there. Livestock producers in those countries are using methods that require antibiotics to keep animals healthy.
在美國(guó)和歐洲地區(qū)禽類和家畜類抗生素的使用正在減少的同時(shí)，預(yù)計(jì)在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的使用情況將會(huì)上升。發(fā)展中國(guó)家的肉類需求不斷上升，所以其所在國(guó)家的家畜肉類生產(chǎn)商需要采取措施使用抗生素來(lái)保證家畜的健康。
Ramanan Laxminarayan is the director of the Center for Disease Dynamics,Economics and Policy. He says Tyson’s announcement shows food producers can continue to operate without using the drugs.
Ramanan Laxminarayan是疾病動(dòng)力中心的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策主任。他說(shuō)Tyson公司的聲明表示生產(chǎn)商不使用抗生素生產(chǎn)工作也可以繼續(xù)。
Mr. Laxminarayan says if producers provide cleaner living conditions and better nutrition for their animals, they will not need to give them antibiotics. But he says the buying public must pressure farmers to stop using the drugs.
Laxminarayan說(shuō)如果生產(chǎn)商給家畜提供更加清潔和營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件的話就不需要使用抗生素。但是他說(shuō)大眾消費(fèi)者需要向生產(chǎn)商施壓要求其停止使用抗生素。
I’m Marsha James.
VOA science correspondent Steve Baragona reported this story from Washington. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted it for Learning English. CatyWeaver was the editor.
_____________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
antibiotic – n. a drug that is used to kill harmful bacteria and to cure infections
livestock – n. farm animals (such as cows, horses, and pigs) that are kept,raised, and used by people
immune – adj. not capable of being affected by a disease
flock – n. a group of birds or animals (such as sheep)
eliminate – v. to remove (something that is not wanted or needed)
commitment – n. a promise to do or give something
The largest chicken meat producer in the United States says it will stop giving its birds antibiotics that doctors use to treat humans.Tyson Foods made the announcement April 28. It said it plans to complete the change by 2017.
Health experts say over use of the medicines is part of the reason more bacteria are becoming resistant to them.
Farmers have fed livestock small amounts of antibiotics for many years. The drugs help the animals grow faster and prevent the spread of sickness amongfarm animals that live close together.
But bacteria living in and on the animals develop and become immune to the drugs. In other words, the antibiotics no longer have any effect. These drug-resistant bacteria then enter the bodies of people who eat the birds or livestock. Then, infections in humans become more costly and difficult to treat. Sometimes, treatment does not work at all.
Donnie Smith is the president of Tyson Foods. He says the company has already begun reducing its use of antibiotics.
“As a result of our efforts, only a very small percentage of our chicken flocks receive human antibiotics today.”
He says the company will stop giving its birds antibiotics by the end of 2017.
Sasha Stashwick is a policy expert at the Natural Resources Defense Council, and environmental group. The NRDC has been calling for an end to the use of antibiotics in animals for many years. Ms. Stashwick says other companies have recently announced their decision to end the use of the medicine in the animals they produce.
“…we’re seeing that over a third of the industry at this point either has eliminated the use of medically-important antibiotics in its production or has made a public commitment to do so within the next few years.”
While the use of antibiotics in birds and livestock is decreasing in the U.S. and Europe, it is expected to increase in the developing world. There is a growing demand for meat there. Livestock producers in those countries are using methods that require antibiotics to keep animals healthy.
Ramanan Laxminarayan is the director of the Center for Disease Dynamics,Economics and Policy. He says Tyson’s announcement shows food producers can continue to operate without using the drugs.
Mr. Laxminarayan says if producers provide cleaner living conditions and better nutrition for their animals, they will not need to give them antibiotics. But he says the buying public must pressure farmers to stop using the drugs.
I’m Marsha James.
VOA science correspondent Steve Baragona reported this story from Washington. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted it for Learning English. CatyWeaver was the editor.
_____________________________________________________________
Words in This Story
antibiotic – n. a drug that is used to kill harmful bacteria and to cure infections
livestock – n. farm animals (such as cows, horses, and pigs) that are kept,raised, and used by people
immune – adj. not capable of being affected by a disease
flock – n. a group of birds or animals (such as sheep)
eliminate – v. to remove (something that is not wanted or needed)
commitment – n. a promise to do or give something
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