2022考研英語時(shí)事閱讀：鯊魚天生是色盲

　　鯊魚天生是色盲

　　Wearing a light blue wetsuit that matches the colour of the sea will make you less likely to become the victim of a shark attack, according to researchers. Sharks are completely colour blind and only see things clearly if they are mostly light or dark, scientists have claimed. In a breakthrough that could prove hugely beneficial to divers navigating shark-filled waters, scientists found that the predator - like dolphins, seals and whales - is unable to distinguish between colours. Costumes or wetsuits that camouflageswimmers' bodies in the sea water are less likely to draw a shark's attention than ones with bright, solid colours than emphasise their outline.

　　都說鯊魚很兇悍，殺人不眨眼，可日前專家經(jīng)研究證實(shí)，倘若身穿“淡藍(lán)色或與海水相近顏色”的泳衣在海底與鯊魚“親密接觸”，可以大大降低被鯊魚以及鯊魚群攻擊的幾率。據(jù)悉，鯊魚是“色盲”，它們只能看得清楚深色或者淺色的海底生物，與海水相近顏色的事物一概看不清。此外，科學(xué)家還針對(duì)其他海底生物進(jìn)行了研究，比如海豚、海豹、以及鯨魚等等，這些海中巨獸都不能分辨海底顏色。科學(xué)家建議，倘若要拍攝鯊魚在海中生活情況，不要穿可以在海中“強(qiáng)調(diào)身體曲線”顏色的泳衣，深色泳衣、亮色泳衣盡量要避免。要很好的偽裝自己，只要穿連體的和海水相似顏色泳衣就可以了。

　　Professor Nathan Hart, from the University of Western Australia, said: 'It’s the high contrast against the water rather than the colour itself which is probably attractive to sharks. 'So you should wear perhaps more muted colours or colours that match the background in the water better.' The researchers examined the eyes of dead sharks and found they had only one type of photoreceptor in the retina, indicating they could only see in monochrome.

　　來自澳大利亞的教授 Nathan Hart說：“鯊魚會(huì)對(duì)和海水顏色有明顯區(qū)別的物體產(chǎn)生興趣，所以，與海水相似顏色的泳衣在鯊魚的眼中可以算是‘隱身衣’了?！睋?jù)悉，研究員對(duì)死去鯊魚的眼中的視網(wǎng)膜感光性能研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)，鯊魚只能看得見‘單色’，眼中只有能否分辨出單一的視網(wǎng)膜。

　　The U.S. Navy has conducted tests that suggested sharks were able to see yellow most clearly. The tests had been to see what would be the best colour for the lifejackets that pilots wear in case they have to eject and splash down in the ocean. Professor Hart said it was more the high contrast of yellow, not the colour itself, that would increase the visibility for sharks. He said: 'It may be possible to design swimming attire and surf craft that have a lower visual contrast to sharks and are therefore less attractive to them.' The study by researchers at the University of Western Australia and the University of Queensland, is to be published in the German nature journal Naturwissenschaften (Science of Nature)。

　　美國海軍研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最讓鯊魚感到“興奮”的顏色竟然是“黃色”，這個(gè)測(cè)試是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)哪種顏色做的“救生衣”最容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。教授 Hart 說：“并不是黃色因?yàn)槠漉r艷程度高所以能被鯊魚輕易發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是黃色與海水的淡藍(lán)色形成的強(qiáng)烈反差效果吸引著鯊魚?！睋?jù)悉，這一系列對(duì)于海中顏色的研究大大提高了人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)海底救生船以及救生衣的速度，這些研究已經(jīng)在《德國自然雜志》上發(fā)表。