2020考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精讀100篇：Unit 53

Unit 53

Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.

The profits are impressive:① the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.

Now Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical “dot.edu” model, free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for-profit “knowledge sites,” such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”

Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn’t? ② Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?

“If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished,” worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner: “We would never compromise the integrity of the university.” Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It’s going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.

注（1）：本文選自Newsweek；

注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象為2002年真題Text 2。

1. In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in ______.

A) academia

B) ivory tower

C) company

D) medical field

2. The word “aggressively”（Line 4, Paragraph 2）most probably means ______.

A) harmfully

B) carelessly

C) desperately

D) boldly

3. According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is ______.

A) offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia’s students

B) that free page will feed into profit-producing page

C) providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site

D) offering free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests

4. Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some ______.

A) worry that the professors are not reliable

B) think this tendency may be terrible

C) hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit

D) show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area

5. The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show ______.

A) if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority

B) the new site may not add to the growing profits

C) there exist some problems behind the profit

D) new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion

篇章剖析

本篇文章主要介紹了大學(xué)利用知識(shí)獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的情況，并說(shuō)明了這種做法的利弊。第一段介紹大學(xué)開(kāi)始意識(shí)到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力，金錢(qián)開(kāi)始流入校園；第二段用數(shù)據(jù)表明大學(xué)的收入是相當(dāng)可觀的；第三段介紹哥倫比亞大學(xué)通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)贏利的做法；第四段說(shuō)明大學(xué)贏利的利弊；最后一段敘述大學(xué)正在尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信的平衡。

詞匯注釋

academia /??k??di?mj?/ n. 學(xué)術(shù)界，學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境

potential /p??ten?(?)l/ n. 潛能，潛力

wrestle /?resl/ vi. 摔跤，格斗，斗爭(zhēng)；斟酌

royalty /?r???lti/ n. （常用復(fù)）王權(quán)；王國(guó)；王的領(lǐng)土，特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)，專(zhuān)利權(quán)使用費(fèi)；專(zhuān)利權(quán)稅

aggressively /??gres?vli/ adv. 好斗地，敢作敢為地，有闖勁地，侵略性地

pharmaceutical /?fɑ?m??sju?t?k?l/ adj. 制藥（學(xué)）的

expertise /eksp???ti?z/ n. 專(zhuān)門(mén)技能；專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)

simulation /?s?mj??le???n/ n. 仿真，假裝，模擬

interactive /??nt?r??kt?v/ adj. 交互式的

provost /?pr?v?st/ n. 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)

faculty /?f?k?lti/ n. 全體教員；（大學(xué)的）系，科；（授予的）權(quán)力

credible /?kred?bl/ adj. 可信的，可靠的

toil /t??l/ vi. 苦干，跋涉，費(fèi)力地做

musty /?m?sti/ adj. 發(fā)霉的；老朽的，陳腐的

diminish /d??m?n??/ v. （使）減少，（使）變小

integrity /?n?tegr?ti/ n. 正直，誠(chéng)實(shí)，完整

難句突破

① The Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically.

主體句式：The Association surveyed 132 universities and found that...

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)是The Association of University Technology Managers；有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)surveyed和found；found后面是賓語(yǔ)從句；a number是$576 million的同位語(yǔ)；之后接that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

句子譯文：大學(xué)技術(shù)經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專(zhuān)利稅中總共贏利5.76億美元，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持快速增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭。

② Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?

主體句式：Will universities provide more support to researchers than to scholars？

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。包含了比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，working in profitable fields是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾researchers；toiling in more musty areas也是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾scholars。

句子譯文：大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門(mén)的研究者更多的支持嗎？

題目分析

1. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第一段提到，過(guò)去人們要掙大錢(qián)就不會(huì)去學(xué)術(shù)界，因?yàn)樗麄兊氖杖胫皇窃谄髽I(yè)工作的同行的一小部分。所以，要快速賺錢(qián)就去公司。

2. D 語(yǔ)義題。文中第二段講到，現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的收入很可觀，而且具有很強(qiáng)的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭。一些學(xué)校已大膽地把發(fā)明賣(mài)給了公司。因?yàn)檫@種做法還沒(méi)有成為一種潮流，所以是大膽的。

3. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段講到，哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行零售。它計(jì)劃超越典型的網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的“dot.edu”模式，這說(shuō)明傳統(tǒng)的特征是D選項(xiàng)。其他都是網(wǎng)站的新計(jì)劃。

4. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段提到，很多人對(duì)這種利潤(rùn)很滿意，另外一些人則對(duì)這種趨勢(shì)深感憂慮。他們擔(dān)憂的是，一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲益的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門(mén)領(lǐng)域的研究者更多支持嗎？所以B選項(xiàng)正確。其他都是對(duì)憂慮的錯(cuò)誤理解。

5. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第五段提到兩個(gè)人的話，“如果我們存在可以通過(guò)努力掙錢(qián)從中牟利的這種觀念的話，大學(xué)的權(quán)威性可能會(huì)降低”和“我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)的清廉方面永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)妥協(xié)”。引用這兩個(gè)人的話是為了表明大學(xué)在為賺到錢(qián)而興奮的同時(shí)，背后也存在著問(wèn)題——威信和清廉。

參考譯文

從未有人為快速致富而進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界。教授們，特別是那些在醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的工作的教授，他們只能掙到在企業(yè)工作的同行收入的一小部分。但是突然之間，大量金錢(qián)現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始流入大學(xué)這座象牙塔，因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)管理者開(kāi)始意識(shí)到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力。研究機(jī)構(gòu)正在全力解決一系列的新問(wèn)題。

利潤(rùn)是相當(dāng)可觀的：大學(xué)技術(shù)經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專(zhuān)利稅中共贏利5.76億美元，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持快速增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭。一些大學(xué)，如紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)已經(jīng)積極地向公司——特別是那些生產(chǎn)藥品的和高科技公司——推銷(xiāo)他們的發(fā)明。

現(xiàn)在，哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在嘗試通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展零售業(yè)。它計(jì)劃超越典型的教育網(wǎng)站一般僅提供關(guān)于免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的信息的“dot.edu”模式。取而代之的是，哥倫比亞大學(xué)將在一家新的贏利網(wǎng)站上提供學(xué)校教員的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能，這種網(wǎng)站就像一個(gè)獨(dú)立的公司。管理者說(shuō)，網(wǎng)站允許免費(fèi)訪問(wèn)教育和研究?jī)?nèi)容，以及已經(jīng)為哥倫比亞大學(xué)學(xué)生所利用的一些先進(jìn)的功能，諸如展示建筑物模型、法國(guó)教堂的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和有機(jī)化學(xué)變化的交互式3D模型。免費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)插入收費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)中，比如在線課題、研討會(huì)和相關(guān)書(shū)籍、磁帶。哥倫比亞大學(xué)執(zhí)行副教務(wù)長(zhǎng)米切爾·克羅預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人訪問(wèn)這個(gè)新網(wǎng)站，包括會(huì)為訪問(wèn)教育資源付費(fèi)的退休人員和學(xué)生。牽頭這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的安·克斯科娜說(shuō)：“我們能提供給人們思考、寫(xiě)作和研究的最好內(nèi)容?！备鐐惐葋喆髮W(xué)也擔(dān)心，不愿被其他一些贏利的“知識(shí)網(wǎng)站”如About.com和Hungry Minds打敗?？肆_說(shuō)：“如果他們抓住空子，他們會(huì)搶走我們最好的教職人員。”

出售專(zhuān)利所得利潤(rùn)通常是分給研究人員、院系和大學(xué)，網(wǎng)站利潤(rùn)也同樣分配。這樣一來(lái)，許多大學(xué)教員都很滿意，但是，另外一些人則對(duì)這種趨勢(shì)深感憂慮：一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲利的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門(mén)領(lǐng)域的研究者更多支持嗎？

“如果我們存在可以通過(guò)努力掙錢(qián)從中牟利的這種觀念，大學(xué)的權(quán)威性可能會(huì)降低,”哥倫比亞教育學(xué)院的一位文化人類(lèi)學(xué)教授赫維·瓦雷納擔(dān)心地說(shuō)?？怂箍四日f(shuō)：“我們?cè)诖髮W(xué)的清廉方面從未妥協(xié)。”這種新網(wǎng)站能否增加正在增長(zhǎng)的專(zhuān)利收入還有待觀察，但是有一個(gè)事實(shí)是顯而易見(jiàn)的，那就是利用大學(xué)里最聰明的頭腦去尋求利益與清廉之間新的平衡。