《考研英語閱讀理解100篇 基礎(chǔ)版》第1章　經(jīng)濟類 Unit 2

The American economy has been shedding jobs for nearly two years，but now comes a sign that the gloom could eventually lift．The Bureau of Labour Statistics released new data on payroll employment on Friday December 4th，and across the board the numbers came in better than had been expected. 
Some 11,000 jobs were lost in November，the smallest total since the recession began late in 2007．And despite the continued job losses，the overall unemployment rate fell from 10.2% to 10.0%．So，too，did broader measures of unemployment which include marginally attached workers and those who work only part time (for economic reasons). 
The payroll report will leave markets and policymakers happy，for a day at least．Most forecasters had expected that 100,000 jobs，or more，would have been lost，and most thought that the unemployment rate would hold steady or rise．A private employment report for November，which is published just before the official payroll report，showed that nearly 170,000 workers lost their jobs. 
None of this means that the troubles are all over，however．The unemployment rate had once before declined in 2009，from June to July，before proceeding to rise for the next three months．A steady decline now will be hard to achieve: one estimate suggests that the American economy needs to add around 150,000 jobs each month just to keep up with population growth． 
Employment growth in the economy remains concentrated in just a few sectors．There are encouraging signs in professional and business services; a 52,000 job increase in temporary help services in this category indicates that employers may soon begin creating more permanent positions.（Although by one measure non-manufacturing businesses are losing confidence，according to an index produced by the Institute for Supply Management this week.）Education，health services，and government are the only other sources of employment growth; the manufacturing，construction，and retail sectors continued to cut jobs in November. 
That is particularly disappointing given that manufacturing activity has expanded for four consecutive months．More troubling still，the rate of manufacturing expansion declined in November．Increasing activity to date had largely been because of the replenishment of depleted inventories．If this brief spurt of expansion has exhausted itself without creating new jobs，then that bodes ill for recovery in other sources of demand，including consumer spending. 
And then there are the ugliest statistics of all．Just over 15m Americans are unemployed，an increase of 8m from the start of the recession．Nearly 6m of those are considered long-term unemployed．Almost 40% of jobless workers have been out of work for 27 weeks or more．Bringing most of these workers back into the labour force will require strong economic growth，of the sort that is unlikely to prevail for at least the next year or so．This unexpectedly sharp decline in lost jobs is a silver lining on an extremely dark cloud. 
注（1）：本文選自Economist； 
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象：第1、3題分別模仿2004年真題Text 1第1、3題，第2題模仿2008年真題Text 4第2題，第4題模仿2014年真題Text 4第4題，第5題模仿2006年真題Text 2第5題。 
1．What is America's current unemployment situation? 
A) The unemployment rate remains in a mild decline. 
B) The number of job offers has exceeded that of job losses. 
C) There still will be many people who are going to lose their jobs. 
D) It has met the expectations of the majority of people. 
2．We can infer from the second and third paragraphs that ______. 
A) the private employment report lacks credibility 
B) unemployment rate does not involve all citizens 
C) unemployment rate forecast is in accurate 
D) policy-making depends on unemployment rate 
3．The word“bodes” (Line 4，Paragraph 6) most probably means ______. 
A) brings 
B) falls 
C) develops 
D) foretells 
4．Speaking of employment growth，the author implies that ______. 
A) economic sectors of employment growth are still limited yet expanding 
B) inventory replenishment is a good chance of providing more jobs 
C) the prospect of an overall employment growth remains gloomy 
D) the difficulty of demand recovery impedes the creation of new jobs 
5．We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______. 
A) the unexpectedly sharp decline in lost jobs paves the way for general optimism 
B) the unemployment rate fluctuates dramatically in economic recession 
C) it is still uncertain whether the November unemployment rate is a good sign 
D) unemployment rate is expected to continually drop in the following months