2016考研英語(yǔ)：并列句&復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化

　　2016考生在復(fù)習(xí)考研英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候會(huì)遇到一個(gè)很大的障礙，那就是閱讀理解和翻譯中的長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析。尤其在閱讀理解中，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一句話占了三四行的情況，導(dǎo)致很多考生無(wú)法正確理解句子含義，其實(shí)這都是完全可以化繁為簡(jiǎn)的。今天小編就教你把并列句和復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為獨(dú)立主格和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的方法。

　　【四大步驟】

　　1. 判斷復(fù)合句——選擇一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，包含主句和從句等其他分句。

　　2. 主句的主語(yǔ)不等于從句的主語(yǔ)。

　　3. 去掉從句的引導(dǎo)詞(如果換成with叫作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　4. 如果從句時(shí)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，直接去掉從句的系動(dòng)詞;如果從句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，將從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(主動(dòng)關(guān)系用-ing結(jié)構(gòu);被動(dòng)關(guān)系用-ed結(jié)構(gòu))。

　　【例1】并列句

　　She is broken-heart, for tears are on her powered cheeks. 寸寸柔腸，盈盈粉淚。

　　→She is broken-heart, tears on her powered cheeks.

　　或者She is broken-heart, with tears on her powered cheeks.

　　【例2】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　When false is taken for true, true becomes false. 假作真時(shí)真亦假，無(wú)為有處有還無(wú)。

　　→False taken for true, true becomes false.

　　或者With false taken for true, true becomes false.

　　【例3】原因狀語(yǔ)

　　Because the weather became terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 因?yàn)樘鞖馓貏e冷，所以我們都進(jìn)屋取暖。

　　→The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.

　　或者With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.

　　【例4】條件狀語(yǔ)

　　If time permits, we will visit the Summer Palace. 如果時(shí)間允許我們就去頤和園。

　　→Time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.

　　或者With time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.

　　【真題例舉】

　　The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.

　　譯文：當(dāng)今人與人在很大程度上的平等——即面對(duì)自然淘汰法則人人機(jī)會(huì)均等，并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣——這意味著和印度土著部落的情況相比，自然選擇在印度中上層階級(jí)中已喪失了80%的作用。

　　解析：復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring可還原為簡(jiǎn)單句單獨(dú)理解和翻譯，即：Everyone is the same in survival and number of off-spring.