2017年5月托福寫(xiě)作真題回憶及范文賞析(一)

　　綜合

　　閱讀：美國(guó)的一種叫auklet 的海鳥(niǎo)出現(xiàn)了die-off 的情況。

　　1. 可能是由于在發(fā)生die-off 之前的夏天， auklet 的數(shù)量激增，導(dǎo)致對(duì)于食物的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加強(qiáng)，有些auklet 就餓死了。

　　2. Auklet 可能接觸sea stars 的時(shí)候，感染了sea stars 病毒，導(dǎo)致Auklet 死亡。

　　3. 海水溫度升高，導(dǎo)致zooplankton 的質(zhì)量下降，而Auklet 是以zooplankton 為食的，所以受到了影響。

　　聽(tīng)力：以上列舉的沒(méi)有一個(gè)能夠解釋auklet 的die-off.

　　1. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些auklet 的數(shù)量減少，但是不會(huì)導(dǎo)致這么多auklet 的死亡，并且食物和auklet 之前的平衡沒(méi)有辦法修復(fù)。

　　2. 如果是少了病毒感染的話，那么auklet 會(huì)帶有相應(yīng)的病毒，但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，死去的auklet 上面并沒(méi)有病毒存在。

　　3. 其他的一些以zooplankton 為食的動(dòng)物沒(méi)有發(fā)生死亡現(xiàn)象。為什么只有auklet 出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)情況，這說(shuō)不通。

　　Sample Answer:

　　The writer presents three reasons to explain why auklets in America died off. However, the professor demonstrates a different idea that these reasons are all unconvincing.

　　To question the first reason presented in the passage that auklets might die from starvation because of their large population and the relative little food, the professor points out that the balance between the number of a species and the food availability could actually be balanced. Therefore, even we assume that auklets would need to compete with each other for food because the number of them had increased in the previous summer and some of them didn?t win that competition and died, the food then would be enough for those auklets that had remained alive. In this case, they would not completely die out.

　　Another important point showed in the reading material is that auklets might be infected by some deadly virus from sea stars. But the professor presents a conflicting idea that scientist didn?t find this kind of virus in auklets? body. It is strange that they got infected by virus but didn?t had any in their body. The second reason in the reading passage is wrong again.

　　Finally, the professor states that zooplankton still could not be the reason for auklets? die-off. Because there are other sea animals that also feed on zooplankton but they are not affected. This challenges the third theory made by the writer who says that the drop of zooplankton?s quality caused the die -off of auklets.(248 words)

　　獨(dú)立

　　Do you agree or disagree: It is impossible to always be completely honest with your friends?

　　Sample Answer:

　　題目分析：同意不同意類中的單一論述題。話題與朋友相關(guān)，但是關(guān)鍵詞除了friends 之外， impossible, always 和honest 都提示我們這個(gè)題目屬于一個(gè)抽象類題目。所以我們采用抽 象題目具體化的方式展開(kāi)思路。

　　先確定總觀點(diǎn)：

　　同意 No matter in the past or at present, it is undeniable that people keep making friends through their life time. A large proportion of them hold a viewpoint that in order to maintain long-standing friendship with others, we should always be honest with them. This is understandable and in most cases, commendable. However, after careful consideration about friendship, being completely honest with friends is definitely impossible. Here are some reasons and examples to support my view.

　　此題目與4 月15 號(hào)的獨(dú)立題目屬于同一話題，所以開(kāi)頭段第一句和第二句可以有所借鑒。 如果是不同的題目，第三句跟在普遍或是別人的觀點(diǎn)之后，也可以有所保留。在表達(dá)總觀 點(diǎn)上，添加確定性的副詞增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。開(kāi)頭段末尾加上過(guò)渡句。

　　First, for the sake of maintaining friendship with others, being honest unconditionally is the last thing in the world we should choose. For example, when a friend is in preparation for a really important English speech competition, it is meaningless to point out that he is not going to win that competition and he is wasting time if he spends time on it, even the truth is that he speaks terrible English and has no logic in writing his speech draft. As friends, we should not and cannot say so when we are given such situation. If you do choose being honest in this case, this friendship will possibly be over and that friend?s feelings will be hurt so badly that he may blame you. Alternatively, you can help him practice his oral English and together with him correct the mistakes in his speech draft, rather than being so honest that sacrifice your friendship with him.

　　本段的分論點(diǎn)是為了維護(hù)友誼，不能一直完全誠(chéng)實(shí)。但是因?yàn)榇朔终擖c(diǎn)也較為抽象，所以 論證部分全部用的舉例。在分論點(diǎn)的道理比較顯而易見(jiàn)或者是不好說(shuō)理論證的時(shí)候，全部 舉例不失為一種好方法。

　　Second, considering the characteristic of friendship, sometimes we cannot be completely honest with friends in terms of our own issues. For example, the password of our bank account should be avoided to tell friends. And the financial situation is not something we ought to be honest with them. What is more illustrating, the fact that you hate your boss cannot be shared with your friends from work and you think someone you and your friend both know is not a kind person cannot be shared with that friend. The former may very much likely get you be fired and the latter may possibly lead that two people to defriend with you. Similarly, when your break up with your girlfriend, it is unnecessary to be honest with your friends about the reason. And when you are sick or bankrupt, you cannot tell any friend that you need help. Doing so will only make your friends leave you unless they are bosom ones who are willing to sacrifice time and their hard-earned money to help you out. As we can see from above explanation, it is impossible and not beneficial to always be completely honest with friends.

　　本段的分論點(diǎn)自身的某些事情，不應(yīng)該也不能夠?qū)ε笥淹耆\(chéng)實(shí)。跟上段一樣，論述部分 是舉例，但是為了跟上一個(gè)主體段的論述方法區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)，采用了歸納法中的舉例方式，也 就是用一些相關(guān)相似的小事實(shí)，得出分論點(diǎn)的結(jié)論，而非具體舉例了。

　　But I am not saying that we should not be honest with friends. Being honest is respectable and may also bring some benefits to both of the two friends and contributes to the friendship sometimes. For example, if you points out the shortage of your friend honestly, he may overcome that shortage and become a better man, which in turn, will enhance your friendship with him since he will appreciate you for this. Unfortunately, things will not always going like this, especially when you have embarrassed him while being honest with your friend. And regarding personal issues, being completely honest with friends sometimes is showing trust and intimacy; nevertheless, doing so is also filling your friends? life with trivial things to deal with. As time goes by, that friend may feel too exhausted to be friend with your anymore. Then, you will have no friend to be honest with.

　　辯證段體現(xiàn)辯證思維。

　　All in all, it is stupid to always tell the truth in friendship and doing so is in effect impossible. Considering the particular nature of friendship, being reserved with friends is more practical and contributable. But lying to friends is by no means a wise choice and it is better for us to not say anything rather than lie to them when something is not suitable for them to know.

　　結(jié)尾段總結(jié)要點(diǎn)，末尾加上建議。