1. 就近指代
所謂就近指代,就是被指代對象通常在指代詞前不遠處,如本句或上一句中。有時也出現(xiàn)在更前面的一句中。
2. 數(shù)格一致
被指代對象通常與指代詞在數(shù)(如單數(shù)或復數(shù))和格(主格或賓格)兩方面相同。如單數(shù)代詞one指代單數(shù)名詞,復數(shù)代詞they指代復數(shù)名詞。
3. 平行結構中的指代
平行結構主要包括some/most/many/such/each…, others…; not only…but also…; the former…the latter等。在這種結構中,平行結構兩個部分的兩個代詞經(jīng)常指代同一對象:前一句中的名詞主語。例如,Southwest France in the 1940s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters). Some follow each other in solemn parades, but others swirl about, sideways and upside down.
The word others in the passage refers to
A. chambers
B. paintings
C. beasts
D. parades
原文包含平行結構some…others,它們都指代前一句中的名詞主語beasts,因此第三個選項為正確答案。
4. 所有格的指代
所有格代詞經(jīng)常指代其前面與其最接近的名詞。例如,
Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.
The word “their” in line 1 refers to
A. folk
B. nations
C. countries
D. objects
根據(jù)所有格指代的解題技巧,their指代前面位置最近的名詞objects,因此D為正確答案。
以上就是托福閱讀中指代類題目的4種基本解題思路講解,解答這一題型時正確率較低容易做錯的同學趕緊來學習了解一下吧。