托福閱讀細節(jié)題如何獲取關(guān)鍵信息？解題技巧實例講解
托福閱讀細節(jié)題總體出題思路介紹
在介紹獲取關(guān)鍵信息的方法之前，我們需要先來了解一下閱讀中細節(jié)信息相關(guān)題目的總體出題思路，或者說他的套路。
第一步，會根據(jù)原文1-2句話設(shè)置正確選項
第二步，一般會對這個選項進行同義改寫，最后再在出題處周圍設(shè)置干擾選項
很多同學看到第一步就很激動了，那我們的解題方法不是就很簡單了嗎?直接找到原文的那一兩句話就好了，這個思路是非常正確的，但前提是要找的到才行，選項是會對原文進行同義改寫的，那怎么辦呢?信息還是要定位的，我們只能在選擇定位詞的時候選擇那些最不容易被改寫掉的詞，于是就有了以下這個選取定位詞的順序：特殊標志詞優(yōu)先于名詞，名詞優(yōu)先于動詞和形容詞。
托福閱讀細節(jié)題解題解題思路實例講解
比如下面這個題目：
Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spreadacross the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in the Sahara indicate that horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert and that by 300-200 B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel was introduced around the first century A.D. This was an important innovation, because the camel’s abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible, route of trade and communication.
According to paragraph 2,camels were important because they
A were the first domesticated animal to be introduced to Africa
B allowed the people of the West African savannahs to carve out large empires
C helped African peoples defend themselves against Egyptian invaders
D made it cheaper and easier to cross the Sahara
思路分析：
題干問的是“camels were important because they”那我們根據(jù)剛才的定位順序，選擇camel 去定位，于是發(fā)現(xiàn)原文的倒數(shù)第2和3句在講camel ，讀完以后發(fā)現(xiàn)，倒數(shù)第二句because就是題目的答案，這個時候再看下選項，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有D選項是和原文because后面的內(nèi)容相同，于是就選D了。
通過以上定位的方法可以很快速清晰的找到題目的答案，但是有些題目在定位的過程中，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己所選的關(guān)鍵詞在段落的很多地方都出現(xiàn)了，甚至整段都是圍繞這個定位詞在展開，這個時候就尷尬了，那怎么找?
多重定位，把選項也放進來定位，尤其是題干中提問關(guān)于原文某個信息說話正確的或者不正確的時候，比如下面的題目，According to the passage, which of the following is true of wildebeests?或者According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of icebergs EXCEPT等，根據(jù)題干這兩個題目，我們分別會選擇wildebeests和icebergs去定位，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)原文整段都在討論我們選的定位詞，這個時候把選項放進來定位是最直接也是最快找到我們的解題信息的，選項的定位詞的選擇方法和之前提過的相同，特殊標志詞優(yōu)先于名詞，名詞優(yōu)先于動詞和形容詞，在找信息的過程中同學們要注意同義改寫，信息同意改寫的方法無非就是近義詞改寫，反義詞改寫，詞性替換或者句式改寫，這里特別提示下反義詞改寫，往往會在前面加些否定意義的副詞，如neither/little/few/hardly/barely/scarcely/seldom/rarely等，希望大家閱讀的時候要多注意。
