在托福閱讀題目中找關(guān)鍵詞,是解題的第一步。可是,關(guān)鍵詞怎么找?什么樣的詞才能作為關(guān)鍵詞?很多同學會這樣回答:這還不簡單!比較級和最高級,數(shù)字,大寫。沒錯,這些都是我們常見的定位詞。那么,用這樣的方法,我們看看怎么來定位下面這道題。這是TPO28第一篇文章underground water中的第八題:
Q8 According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?
A. The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability
B. Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.
C. If water flows through a rock easily, it has permeability but low porosity.
D. Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.
這道題既沒有大寫,也沒有時間,更沒有比較級??吹竭@個題,許多學生就傻眼了,這該怎么去定位?定位詞不僅僅是指我們之前所學過的,大寫,比較級,還應該包括名詞,形容詞,動詞等等,這些詞都可以幫助我們來定位。因此,在這道題中,我們可以用relationship,permeability,和porosity來定位。為什么用這幾個詞來定位?因為題目問的是relationship。是誰的relationship?就是permeability和porosity之間的關(guān)系。
二、找關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子
根據(jù)第一個步驟我們找到了相應的關(guān)鍵詞,接下來該怎么做呢?有很多同學會說,回文章找唄。好,那我們回到相對應的文章中,來找一下關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子。
Groundwater is stored in a variety of rock types. A groundwater reservoir from which water can be extracted is called an aquifer. We can effectively think of an aquifer as a deposit of water. Extraction of water depends on two properties of the aquifer: porosity, and permeability. Between sediment grains are spaces that can be filled with water. This pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Porosity is important for water-storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected. The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability. Fractures and joints have very high permeability. In the intergranular spaces of rocks, however, fluid must flow around and between grains in a tortuous path; this winding path causes a resistance to flow. The rate at which the flowing water overcomes this resistance is related to the permeability of rock.
我們來看一這下這段文字。在整段中,我們都沒有找到含有 relationship 的句子。這個時候,大家所知道的——讀關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子——這條方式就行不通了。此時就需要大家先找出含有porosity 的句子:his pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume,從這個句子中,我們可以知道,porosity 指的是巖石儲藏水的能力。然后,我們再來找到含有permeability 的句子:The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability,也就是說巖石的小孔連接起來,讓水留過,這就是滲透性,也就是permeability。那么此時,我們再來理清楚二者的關(guān)系:巖石的儲水能力,就是多孔性;巖石的小孔相聯(lián)系,水能夠流過,這就是滲透性。
三、運用排除法
讀懂了關(guān)鍵的句子之后,我們再來看ABCD四個選項,如何用排除法來選出正確的答案。
A選項說,巖石的孔越多,多孔性就越高,滲透性越低。原文并沒有說,多孔性越高,滲透性就越低。B選項說巖石的孔沒有相連,那么就有高的多孔性和低的滲透性。這句話正好體現(xiàn)了原文的內(nèi)容:多孔性是水的儲存能力,小孔相連,水能留過,是滲透性??撞幌嗦?lián)系,那么水留過小孔的能力就自然很低。C是說如果水很容易的留過巖石的孔,就是有滲透性,但是多孔性很低。這個文章也沒有說。D選項說巖石有高的滲透性就有高的多孔性,反之亦然。這個原文也沒有說。
因此,大家在核對選項的時候,一定要記住,凡是文章中提到的才能夠選,文章中沒有提到的就不能夠選。一定要符合文章。
根據(jù)上文中鄧玥老師給我們的詳細解題步驟,我們在做細節(jié)題時應該注意:
(1)找關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞包括名詞,動詞,形容詞,比較級等等,不能僅僅局限于過去所學的大寫,數(shù)字等等。
(2)找關(guān)鍵詞所在句子。如果文章中沒寫出明確含有這個關(guān)鍵詞的句子,那么我們需要讀清楚文章的相關(guān)句,找到他們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯聯(lián)系。
(3)運用排除法。用排除法的時候一定要注意,要符合文章,文章中沒有提到的一定是不能選的。
托福閱讀細節(jié)題雖然看起來容易攻破,但依舊需要同學們有認真分析的耐心以及對于這類題型解題步驟的熟練度,正確運用鄧玥老師的方法并且多加練習,相信每一位正在備考托福閱讀的同學們都能在托福閱讀細節(jié)題部分拿到盡量多的分數(shù)!