托?？谡Z心理學(xué)題目解析

　　心理學(xué)中的reinforcement，分為positive reinforcement和negative reinforcement兩種，即增加能夠激發(fā)個(gè)人興趣的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。

　　舉例說明：

　　1. positive(add the pleasure)：早起獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己好的food，這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種 behavior。

　　2. negative(remove the unpleasant behavior)，不喜歡早上shower，那么可以改在晚上，這樣人也就不會那么討厭早起了。

　　參考范例：

　　The lecture tells about two main methods which can be used to reinforce people. It states that reinforcement of behavior means that people strengthen certain acts on purpose by using the positive or negative stimulus. Then the professor shows some examples. Let's suppose that you hate to get up early,but sometimes you have to do so. Then you could choose to encourage yourself to get up early by using either a positive or a negative reinforcement. The positive one is to add the pleasure to your daily life to help you make the decision easier. For example,you can reward yourself with a very nice breakfast if you get up early. A negative one is to remove the unpleasant behavior off your daily routine. For example,If you do not enjoy taking a shower early in the morning, you can take it in the evening instead. Therefore, when you have to get up early in the morning, you might feel better because you have cut things you don't like out of your morning schedule.

　　在這道Task6的講座中，professor通過列舉兩個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)早起上班的例子來說明reinforcement這種現(xiàn)象。心理學(xué)方面的問題在Task 6當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的比例還是比較高的，接下來我們再來看一個(gè)心理學(xué)的例子。

　　真題回顧：

　　講課要點(diǎn)：心理學(xué)中的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制reward。說獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制有兩種效果。

　　舉例說明：

　　1. 正的。第一種讓這種行為更多的發(fā)生。她的女兒Jenny,不愛收拾屋子，他們就給她錢，這本來是她不愿意做的事情，但慢慢地就自覺自愿地多做了。

　　2. 反的。第二種導(dǎo)致行為發(fā)生少了。又是Jenny，喜歡彈鋼琴，他們就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)她，但是彈得少了，因?yàn)橛X得彈鋼琴變成了一種義務(wù)chore,就像收拾屋子。T

　　參考范例：

　　In the lecture the professor tells about the rewarding strategy in Psychology. He states that reward can influence people's behavior in two ways: positively and negatively. Then the professor goes on to further explain that by taking her daughter — Jenny for an example. Jenny doesn't like cleaning up the room,so he gives her money to encourage her to do that. And gradually,she likes the work and does it more often,which is the positive effect that rewarding has. But on the other hand,something that a person likes to do may become the daily chores because of the rewarding system. For example,Jenny likes to play the piano，but when her parents give her a reward,she,on the contrary,plays less often 'cause she thinks playing the piano,just like cleaning the house, is a kind of chore,that is negative effects that rewarding has.