托福聽力lecture主要話題分類精講 歷史講座哪些考點(diǎn)是高頻？

　　托福聽力中的講座類話題中，歷史話題的出現(xiàn)幾率是比較高的，而歷史類話題平時(shí)關(guān)注的同學(xué)較少。因此很多同學(xué)面對(duì)歷史話題都會(huì)覺得有些理解上的困難，甚至可能會(huì)影響到解題。下面小編就來詳細(xì)分析托福聽力講座類歷史話題的常見考點(diǎn)和出題思路，并通過經(jīng)典案例做深度剖析。

　　托福聽力講座類歷史話題考點(diǎn)概述

　　歷史類場景往往和其他分支學(xué)科產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，具體可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來考察：

　　1. 國家政權(quán)或制度體制：如農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)生，古埃及的女法老等。

　　2. 文化方面：如茶文化歷史，戲劇的起源，考古方面等。

　　3. 著名歷史人物：如愛默生，意大利畫家等。

　　4. 其他話題：歷史容易和其他學(xué)科產(chǎn)生交叉，如考古和藝術(shù)。

　　歷史類的話題有一個(gè)很大的特點(diǎn)，就是專業(yè)詞匯較多。很多考生有這樣一種感覺，就是好像聽明白了一些，但一考到細(xì)節(jié)題就不知所措。也就是說，歷史類話題可能出現(xiàn)較多的專業(yè)詞匯和細(xì)節(jié)，考生需謹(jǐn)慎。下面我們就幾個(gè)例子來仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下。

　　托福聽力講座類歷史話題案例分析

　　下面是一個(gè)歷史話題的經(jīng)典案例：

　　聽力原文：

　　Well, their astronomers had discovered that at a certain time of year the brightest star, Sirius, would disappear. Actually, it’d be hidden in the glare of the Sun. Even more significantly, the reappearance of Sirius would occur around the same time as the Nile’s flooding. And this annual event is called a heliacal rising. The heliacal rising was a fair indicator of when the Nile would flood. The next new moon, after the heliacal rising of Sirius, which happened in the last month of the calendar year, marked the New Year.

　　Why was the helical rising if Sirius important to the Egyptians?

　　Click on 2 answers.

　　A. It helped determine the beginning of the New Year.

　　B. It was used to calculate the length of the month.

　　C. It marked the beginning of harvest time.

　　D. It indicated when the Nile would flood.

　　分析：

　　此處考的是埃及的歷法。在這個(gè)節(jié)選原文中包含了Sirius(天狼星)，heliacal rising(偕日升)等概念，比較難以理解，需要考生有較快的反應(yīng)速度。不少學(xué)員在遇到這類話題時(shí)會(huì)懷有抵觸心態(tài)，大呼這種難度跟閱讀都差不多了。誠然專業(yè)度高理解困難，考生應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到一點(diǎn)：ETS的考察宗旨還是不變的——檢驗(yàn)考生的瞬時(shí)理解能力和知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備的快速激活。在此，要做對(duì)這道雙選題，要留心粗體信號(hào)詞;還可以將辨音中聽不懂的陌生詞轉(zhuǎn)化成抽象符號(hào)，搞清楚其作用即可。可以看出，Nile和New Year是關(guān)鍵詞，故輕松選出AD。

　　下面再看一個(gè)例子：

　　聽力原文：

　　Now for the taste... Now, this is a good point to mention one of the biggest myths about spices. It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat. We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives.

　　What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat?

　　Click on 2 answers.

　　A. Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were.

　　B. Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume.

　　C. The sale of spoiled food was prohibited.

　　D. Salt was cheaper than most spices were.

　　分析：

　　這里考察的是香料在歷史上的角色。背景知識(shí)：香料在中世紀(jì)的歐洲是非常名貴的東西，只有貴族皇族才能享用得到。原因諸多，運(yùn)輸昂貴是其中之一?？忌舨皇煜pice這個(gè)單詞，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，此處很容易猜出。

　　在這里想強(qiáng)調(diào)一下myth的含義。大多數(shù)考生對(duì)這個(gè)詞的理解都存在誤區(qū)。實(shí)際上這個(gè)詞只要考到，一般取“誤解”這一含義，而非神話等義。在這里是說，人們用香料腌制壞掉的食物這種理解是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槿藗冇绣X買香料就有錢買鮮肉，前者的理解本身就有矛盾。同時(shí)注意also這個(gè)重要并列詞，后面引出第二個(gè)原因，所以選AC。

　　托福聽力講座類歷史話題考點(diǎn)追蹤

　　從上面這個(gè)例子可以看出歷史話題具有以下特點(diǎn)：

　　1. 細(xì)節(jié)偏多：可能沒有信號(hào)詞引領(lǐng)，聽時(shí)要聚精會(huì)神。

　　2. 信號(hào)詞：信號(hào)詞的形式多種多樣，可能是單獨(dú)的詞組，也有可能是融匯在句子當(dāng)中，要及時(shí)做好筆記。

　　3. 陌生概念：可先記下首字母，上下文一般會(huì)有定義解釋或同義詞。也可以注意計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕的提示詞是否為這個(gè)詞。

　　關(guān)于托福聽力講座類歷史話題的考點(diǎn)和出題思路小編就為大家分析介紹到這里，希望以上內(nèi)容可以幫助各位考生更好地解答歷史類題目拿到聽力高分。