談?wù)勍懈Ｂ?tīng)力中的“舉例子”

　　在我們托?？荚?，尤其是口語(yǔ)和作文單項(xiàng)的備考中確實(shí)需要適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備例子來(lái)豐富自己的答案。但是在聽(tīng)力中呢，舉例子是否也有著舉足輕重的地位呢?這是當(dāng)然的啦!不過(guò)，作為客觀題考查項(xiàng)目，我們聽(tīng)力也是特別喜歡考察例子的作用呢!快拿起小本本記起來(lái)吧!

　　在對(duì)話(huà)中，是不是student動(dòng)不動(dòng)就說(shuō) one of my classmate told me 巴拉巴拉，或者是when I graduated from high school 的時(shí)候做過(guò)啥事?在講座中，老師講到動(dòng)物會(huì)不會(huì)照鏡子的時(shí)候就列舉了好多動(dòng)物的行為?這些一句話(huà)或者是一段話(huà)的examples都會(huì)成為托福聽(tīng)力的高頻考點(diǎn)。

　　比如：TPO 18的 conversation 1的第三題：

　　3. Why does the student mention hosting foreign-exchange students?

　　A. To explain his interest in a particular field of study

　　B. To explain why he is looking for a job so late in the semester

　　C. To explain why he would like to be an exchange student the following year

　　D. To explain how he learned his computer skills

　　這篇對(duì)話(huà)的主旨是一男生轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到新學(xué)校，詢(xún)問(wèn)兼職工作的事情。在老師詢(xún)問(wèn)學(xué)生，為何選擇該校專(zhuān)業(yè)時(shí)，男生向老師闡述了自己的家庭和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷還解釋自己對(duì)于所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的喜愛(ài)。在這里，我們聽(tīng)力的是statement +example 這樣的形式，特殊的在于：老師的提問(wèn)引出了需要闡明的觀點(diǎn)或者是態(tài)度，而學(xué)生通過(guò)例子來(lái)回答了老師的問(wèn)題。這些考點(diǎn)主要根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)于經(jīng)歷的回憶來(lái)說(shuō)明自己的態(tài)度。

　　我們來(lái)看下對(duì)應(yīng)的文本：

　　Professor: We do have a great program. Well how did you get interested in international studies?

　　Student: My family hosted a few foreign exchange students while I was growing up. Then I took part in an international summer program after I graduated from high school. I thought I really like meeting people from all over, getting to know them.

　　Professor: OH! Ok! And that led you to our program. …

　　在這里我們看到，老師提出問(wèn)題，學(xué)生沒(méi)有直接回答，而是回憶小時(shí)候的事情來(lái)闡述自己為什么選擇 international study 這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。也就是說(shuō)，在對(duì)話(huà)中引出例子的主要意義在于解釋說(shuō)話(huà)人的觀點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)對(duì)話(huà)的進(jìn)行。

　　那么在講座中，例子是如何進(jìn)行考察的呢?我們還是來(lái)看一個(gè)例子。比如, TPO 24中的 lecture 4的第四題：

　　4. Why does the professor mention a bottle?

　　A. To illustrate the shape of the interior of a passage grave

　　B. To describe part of a Neolithic burial ceremony

　　C. To help explain how resonance is produced

　　D. To give an example of an artifact found in a Neolithic site

　　對(duì)應(yīng)的原文是：

　　Michael: How so?

　　Professor: Well, first the echoes. When religious leaders started chanting with echoes bounced off the…(此處省略若干)… And another bit of physics I played here is something called Resonance. I know physics, but well I imagine you have all below near of top empty bottles and heard sounds it makes. And you probably notice that depending on its size--- each empty bottle plays one particular music note. Or it is the physics might put it, each bottle resonates at a particular frequency. Well, that's true of these chambers too.

　　從這個(gè)例子可以看出，學(xué)生提出疑問(wèn)，老師先給出答案，接著提出例子 bottle 來(lái)詳細(xì)闡釋原理。這篇考古學(xué)講座的主旨是：The sound effects that Neolithic people could experience in passage graves, 而從主旨的角度出發(fā)，那么這道題目答案就選出C。甚至夸張地來(lái)說(shuō)，我們沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到這個(gè)例子，也是可以直接選到C的，因?yàn)橹挥蠧選項(xiàng)中有resonance(聲音共鳴，共振)是和主旨對(duì)應(yīng)的。

　　舉例作為最常用的一種表達(dá)手法，在托福聽(tīng)力中運(yùn)用地也非常普遍，學(xué)生們可具體問(wèn)題具體分析，正確分析好例子在每篇聽(tīng)力文章中具體的考法，分好主次，相信定能在考試中起到積極作用。