1.插入語是在一個句子中插入一個成分,它不是句子的成分,而是表示說話人的態(tài)度或進行解釋補充說明等。
Frankly,I’d like to listen to music.
坦率地說,我想聽音樂。(副詞作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
True,your daughter is at home now.
真的,你女兒現(xiàn)在在家。(形容詞作插入語)
Judging from what he said,he does look down upon his elder brother.
由他的話判斷,他的確看不起他哥哥。(現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語,說話者的附加說明)
To tell you the truth,he doesn’t quite agree with this idea.
說實話,他不同意這個觀點。(不定式作插入語,說話者的附加說明)
2.狀語主要修飾謂語動詞,也可以修飾形容詞或副詞。
Here you should speak frankly.
在這里你應(yīng)該說實話。(副詞frankly修飾動詞speak)
He came back,hungry and tired.
他回來了,又饑又渴。(形容詞作伴隨狀語,說明came back的狀況)
Seeing from the window,he can see the lake.
從窗口看,他能看見這個湖。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,修飾see)
To buy the machine,he went to Beijing.
為買機器,他去了北京。(不定式作目的狀語,修飾went)
【比較】
①Honestly,I do not remember the first time I met him.
老實說,我不記得是什么時候第一次見到他。(honestly作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度)
②He honestly told me the result of the examination.
他誠實地告訴了我檢查的結(jié)果。(honestly修飾told作狀語)
【高考演練】
1.【全國大綱卷】________ the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only not do D.Not only do
【答案】D 考查倒裝句。句意:護士們不僅要求漲工資而且也要求減少勞動時間。此處后面的but also 被省略,not only引導的句子置于句首時,要部分倒裝。故選D。
2.【全國大綱卷】________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
A.Calling B.Call C.To call D.Having called
【答案】B 考查特殊句式。句意:明天給我打電話,我會告訴你實驗的結(jié)果。此句是祈使句,故用動詞原形。故選B。
3.【福建】The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,________,reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B 考查省略句。句意:這兒的氣候很宜人。在夏天時,氣溫很少達到30℃,如果曾經(jīng)有過的話。根據(jù)句意可知,條件句應(yīng)該是if the temperature ever reaches 30℃ in summer,其省略形式if ever正確。if not 如果不;if any 如果(有)任何(……);if so 如果這樣。故選B。
4.【福建】It was the culture,rather than the language,________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A.where B.why C.that D.what
【答案】C 考查強調(diào)句型。句意:正是文化而非語言使得他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。本句去掉it was和that之后,剩余部分仍然能夠構(gòu)成一個結(jié)構(gòu)正確、意義完整的句子,故確定其為強調(diào)句型,故選C。
5.【湖南】Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.
A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep
【答案】A 考查倒裝句。句意:只有當你內(nèi)心感覺平和時,你才能與別人保持良好的關(guān)系。副詞only 位于句首,引起部分倒裝,可排除B、C;根據(jù)時間狀語從句中的時態(tài)可排除D項。故選A。
6.【湖南】________ what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A.Make B.To make C.Making D.Made
【答案】A 考查祈使句。句意:使你今天正在做的變得重要,因為你正在用你生命中的一天與之交換。題干中逗號后是一個原因狀語從句,因此前面必須是一個主句才能成立。只有用動詞原形才能構(gòu)成一個祈使句,才是一個完整的句子。故選A。
7.【湖南】It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy.
A.that B.which C.what D.who
【答案】A 考查強調(diào)句型。句意:使生活變得更加快樂的不是做我們喜歡的事,而是喜歡我們必須要做的事。這里是強調(diào)句型,把it’s和that 去掉之后,句子仍成立。故選A。
8.【陜西】No sooner________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has
【答案】A 考查特殊句式。no sooner ...than ...引導時間狀語從句,且當no sooner 位于主句句首時,主句用部分倒裝形式,即將主句謂語中的助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到其主語前,故選A。
9.【四川】Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry?
A.why B.who C.where D.that
【答案】D 考查特殊句式。句意:是不是因為杰克上學遲到老師才生氣的?此題考查的是強調(diào)句的一般疑問句,所強調(diào)的成分為原因狀語從句because Jack came late for school,故用that。故選D。
10.【天津】Give me a chance,________I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A.if B.or C.and D.while
【答案】C 考查并列句。句意:給我一個機會,我會給你一個絕妙的驚喜。本句是一個表示順接關(guān)系的句子,故用and連接。if表示“如果”,引導條件狀語從句;or表示“否則,要不然”,表示一種相反的假設(shè);while意為“當……時候”,引導時間狀語從句,若意為“雖然,盡管”,則引導讓步狀語從句。故選C。
11.【重慶】— I spent two weeks in London last summer.
— Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,________you?
A.mustn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.hadn’t
【答案】C 考查特殊句型的用法。在“...must have done ...”這個表示對過去的推測的句型中,反義疑問句不可用must的任何形式,因為must用于表推測時僅能用于肯定句。若語境中有明確地表示過去的時間狀語,反義疑問句必須用過去時的否定式,若沒有明確地表示過去的時間狀語且強調(diào)現(xiàn)狀則用完成時。該題中上句有l(wèi)ast summer,故選C。
12.【重慶】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course,nor________it a thought.
A.does he even giveB.he even gives
C.will he even giveD.he will even give
【答案】C 考查倒裝。句意:校長既不會允許課程上的變革,也不會對其予以考慮。否定副詞nor置于句首時,句子要使用部分倒裝。由第一分句中的will 可知,此處應(yīng)用將來時。故選C。
13.【江西】Never before________seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
【答案】C 考查倒裝句。句意:她以前從沒見過網(wǎng)球打得和羅伯特一樣好的人。否定副詞放在句首,后面的句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。由從句謂語動詞及沒有與主句動作的具體對比的時態(tài),故選C。
14.【遼寧】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago________having a holiday abroad.
A.he had consideredB.had he considered
C.he consideredD.did he consider
【答案】D 考查倒裝句。句意:直到三年前他從教育行業(yè)退休,他才考慮出國度假。Not until 位于句首時,主句要用部分倒裝。故排除答案A和C。又因為題干中的three years ago 提示要用一般過去時,故選D。
15.【江蘇】There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,________?
A.is there B.isn’t there C.is he D.isn’t he
【答案】A 考查反意疑問句。句意:他是無辜的,你的內(nèi)心對此并不懷疑,是嗎?根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項可知本題考查反意疑問句。that he is innocent是doubt的同位語從句,前面部分為主句。主句中的little為否定詞,反意疑問句應(yīng)用肯定式,故選A。
16.【四川】This is not my story,nor________the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is
【答案】C 考查倒裝句式。句意:這不是我的故事,也不是全部的故事。我的故事與這不同。否定詞nor 放在句首時,后邊的句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。
17.【重慶】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when B.that C.after D.since
【答案】選B 考查強調(diào)句。句意:在克里斯托弗·哥倫布橫跨大西洋80年前,鄭和就航行到了東非。強調(diào)句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was ...that ...。本句被強調(diào)部分是時間狀語從句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故選B。
18.【湖南】It was not until I came here________I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who B.that C.where D.before
【答案】B 考查強調(diào)句。句意:直到我來到這里,我才意識到這個地方出名不僅僅是因為它的美麗還因為它的氣候。本題考查強調(diào)句的特殊句式it was not until ...that ...直到……才……。故選B。
19.【江蘇】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.________,we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so
【答案】D 考查省略結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:聽起來好像汽車引擎出故障了。如果這樣的話,我們最好立即把它送到汽修廠。otherwise 否則,要不然;if not 如果不這樣的話;but for that 要不是因為那樣;if so 如果這樣的話。故選D。
20.【全國Ⅰ】Only when he reached the tea-house________it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A.he realized B.he did realize C.realized he D.did he realize
【答案】D 考查倒裝。當only跟狀語位于句首時,主句要用部分倒裝,即把助動詞放在主語的前面。此處only跟時間狀語從句when he reached the tea-house位于句首,所以用部分倒裝。故選D。