[高中]全新語法:虛擬語氣的其他用法 三、虛擬語氣在其他形式中的用法

三、虛擬語氣在其他形式中的用法

1.“It is time （that）……”句式，意為“是……的時候了”

It is time we left.我們該走了。

It is time we got up/should get up.我們該起床了。

It is high time our athletes showed/should show their best.

我們的運(yùn)動員該大顯身手了。

【提示】 that從句用過去式或should do，意為“該干某件事了，時間已經(jīng)有些晚了”，should一般不省略。

2.“would/had rather （that）……”句式，意為“寧愿”

（1）一般過去時：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/p>

I’d rather you came next Saturday.我寧愿你下星期六來。

I’d rather you were happy.我愿你快樂。

（2）過去完成時：表過去的愿望。

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你沒有這樣說過。

I’d rather you had been present。我真希望你當(dāng)時在場。

3.“if only ...”句式，意為“但愿”，“要是……就好了”

（1）一般過去時：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。

If only I were as clever as you.要是我像你一樣聰明該多好啊。

If only I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。

（2）過去完成時：表示與過去事實(shí)相反。

If only he had been here.要是他當(dāng)時在這兒就好了。

If only I had finished the task.要是我完成了任務(wù)就好了。

（3）將來完成時：表示與將來事實(shí)相反。

If only it would stop raining！ 但愿雨停下來。

【比較】

①I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有鬧鐘響，我才會醒。（條件狀語從句）

②If only the alarm clock had rung.要是當(dāng)時鬧鐘響，就好了。（虛擬語氣）

【高考演練】

1.【安徽】People are recycling many things which they________away in the past！

A.had thrownB.will be throwing

C.were throwingD.would have thrown

【答案】D 考查虛擬語氣。句意：現(xiàn)在人們回收利用很多東西，而過去他們會將這些扔掉。根據(jù)in the past 可知，說的是過去情況，對過去情況的推測或評說，應(yīng)使用“情態(tài)動詞＋完成式”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。

2.【北京】We________back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A.are B.were C.will be D.would be

【答案】D 考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)條件狀語從句中if we didn’t lose the map 可知，主從句都是對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，故選D。

3.【福建】________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A.Were thereB.Had there been

C.If there areD.If there have been

【答案】A 考查虛擬語氣。句意：要是沒有現(xiàn)代化的通訊，我們將不得不等待若干個星期才能獲得來自世界各地的消息?！耙菦]有現(xiàn)代化的通訊”是對現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，故從句中使用一般過去時態(tài)，省略if后把were 提到從句主語之前。故選A。

4.【湖南】If Mr Dewey________present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A.were B.had been C.should be D.was

【答案】B 考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果Dewey 先生當(dāng)時在場的話，他就會盡一切可能幫助那里的人們。根據(jù)主句中的would have offered 可知，這是對過去的虛擬，故條件句用had done形式。故選B。

5.【陜西】We would rather our daughter________at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.

A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay

【答案】C 考查虛擬語氣。would rather后跟賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞用過去式表示動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用“had+過去分詞”表示動作發(fā)生在過去。根據(jù)后一句中的is 可知此處動詞用過去式，故選C。

6.【天津】________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.

A.Did he catchB.Should he catch

C.Has he caughtD.Had he caught

【答案】D 考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果他趕上了早晨的火車，他開會就不會遲到了。由主句可知，這是一個與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，因此從句中用過去完成時had done。在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣中，當(dāng)句中有were，should，had時，可將if 省去，并把were，should，had 提到主語的前面構(gòu)成部分倒裝，故選D。

7.【浙江】They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they________to our help.

A.would have comeB.could come

C.have comeD.had come

【答案】A 考查虛擬語氣。句意：我們在做調(diào)查的那幾個月里，他們一直在國外，否則的話他們早就來幫我們了。從句中的關(guān)鍵題眼or可以知道，此處是虛擬語氣，同時根據(jù)前面的they were abroad可以知道，此處是對過去狀況的虛擬，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則知，句中謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。

8.【重慶】It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I________ it？

A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing

【答案】A 考查虛擬語氣。as if后的句子若表示與事實(shí)相反，須用虛擬語氣。根據(jù)前一句中謂語動詞用一般過去時可知，as if后的句子表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，用過去完成時。故選A。

9.【安徽】I________to my cousin’s birthday party last night，but I was not available.

A.went B.had gone C.would go D.would have gone

【答案】D 考查虛擬語氣。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是逗號之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚會我沒有參加，所以空處是與過去事實(shí)相反的動作，故正確答案是would have gone。故選D。

10.【北京】If we________a table earlier，we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A.have booked B.booked C.book D.had booked

【答案】D 考查虛擬語氣。本句是一個包含了一個條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句，從主句的謂語動詞couldn’t be standing可以推出，用的是虛擬語氣，這樣，if就是一個虛擬條件句，“訂餐”是發(fā)生在過去，故是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。

11.【福建】— Do you think George has passed the driving test？

— No.If so，he________his car to our college yesterday.

A.would driveB.drove

C.would have drivenD.had driven

【答案】C 考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句中的yesterday可以判斷出是與過去的事實(shí)相反，所以主句用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。

12.【江蘇】I should not have laughed if I________you were serious.

A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought

【答案】C 考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所講與過去事實(shí)相反。If引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反時，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為had done。故選A。

13.【陜西】My mom suggests that we________eat out for a change this weekend.

A.should B.might C.could D.would

【答案】A 考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。本句是一個復(fù)合句，主句謂語動詞suggests，后跟賓語從句，謂語動詞要用（should）do sth，故選A。

14.【天津】If he had spent more time practicing English before，he________able to speak it much better now.

A.will be B.would be C.has been D.would have been

【答案】B 考查虛擬語氣。本句是一個錯綜時間虛擬句。從句是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，謂語用had done，而主句則是對現(xiàn)在（now）事實(shí)的一種假設(shè)，所以用would do，所以B項符合句意。故選B。

15.【浙江】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam________at the age of six months old.

A.was B.be C.were D.is

【答案】B 考查虛擬語氣。句意：眼科醫(yī)生建議：孩子在六個月時就要進(jìn)行第一次眼科檢查。根據(jù)句中recommend 判斷出后面的賓語從句應(yīng)該用（should）do sth。故選B。

16.【重慶】— It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.

— Yeah，we would have got wet all over if we________.

A.hadn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.don’t

【答案】A 考查虛擬語氣。事實(shí)是帶了傘，那么假設(shè)沒帶傘，就是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以從句部分要用had/hadn’t done sth的形式。故選A。

17.【陜西】The children________lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

A.must have gotB.must get

C.should have gotD.should get

【答案】A 考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測。從句子的后半部分看，謂語動詞用了would have been，說明是與過去事實(shí)相反的，故前半句應(yīng)該是對過去事實(shí)的推測，排除選項B，D；選項C意思是“本應(yīng)迷路，但沒迷路”，與句意不符，排除。故選A。

18.【天津】She________have left school，for her bike is still here.

A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

【答案】A 考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測。can’t have done表示對過去的否定推測；wouldn’t have done 虛擬語氣中表示與過去事實(shí)相反；shouldn’t have done表示過去不應(yīng)該做而做了的事；needn’t have done表示過去不必要做而做了的事。故選A。

19.【山東】Thank you for all your hardworking last week.I don’t think we________it without you.

A.can manageB.could have managed

C.could mangeD.can have managed

【答案】B 句意：謝謝大家上周的努力。如果沒有你們我們不可能做成。could have done 在虛擬語氣的主句中表示與過去事實(shí)相反，without引導(dǎo)的狀語相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。can have done 只用于否定句和疑問句的推測。故選B。

20.【山東】They________two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

A.had gotB.got

C.have gotD.get

【答案】B 考查虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句。句意：他們弄到了兩張去加拿大的免費(fèi)票，不然的話他們是付不起錢去那里的。由otherwise前一句可知，得到免費(fèi)的票是已經(jīng)發(fā)的事，故用一般過去時。故選B。