1.be
(1)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)
Some boys are playing on the grass.一些男孩正在草地上玩。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)
Yesterday we were discussing a new teaching plan.
昨天我們在討論新教學(xué)計劃。(過去進(jìn)行時)
(2)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)
The door was broken by Tom.門是湯姆打破的。
English is taught in our school.我校教英語。
(3)be+動詞不定式
The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries.
這項獎勵是為了對他的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而表示的敬意。(表示目的)
The president is to visit China next year.
總統(tǒng)將于明年訪問中國。(表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事情)
You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.
任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。(表示命令,指令)
This letter is to be handed to him in person.
這封信必須要面交他本人。(表示必須,必要)
2.have
(1)構(gòu)成各種完成時態(tài)
He has left for Japan.他已去了日本。(現(xiàn)在完成時)
I have been reading a novel since this morning.
從今早起,我就一直在看一本小說。(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時)
He had finished it when I arrived.我到達(dá)的時候他已完成了。(過去完成時)
He will have finished it when we arrive.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)時他將完成了。(將來完成時)
(2)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)
The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.
那個重要的問題已經(jīng)被討論近兩個星期了。
How long has the machine been used? 這機(jī)器使用有多久了?
Every means has been used to get him to change his mind.
為了轉(zhuǎn)變他的想法,所有的辦法都用過了。
(3)口語中,常用have got代替have
I only like films that have got plenty of action.
我只喜歡有很多驚險動作的電影。
We have simply got to see him.我們非見他不可。
3.do
(1)構(gòu)成疑問句
Do you go to school on Saturday? 你星期六上學(xué)嗎?
Does he like swimming in summer? 他夏天喜歡游泳嗎?
Did you take breakfast yesterday? 你昨天吃早飯了嗎?
(2)構(gòu)成否定句
You don’t study hard.你不用功。
She doesn’t enjoy reading.她不喜歡閱讀。
I didn’t sleep well last night.我昨夜睡得不好。
(3)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句
Don’t be so careless.不要那么粗心大意。
Don’t hesitate to come when you need help.有困難只管來找我。
(4)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語
I do wish you will come.我實在希望你會來。
They did go there.他們的確去了那里。
Do tell me the truth.一定要告訴我事實。
(5)代替實義動詞
— Does he also study geography? 他也學(xué)地理嗎?
— Yes,he does.是的,他學(xué)地理。(does代替studies)
He works even harder than you do.他比你還要用功。(do代替work)
4.shall,will
(1)shall和will構(gòu)成一般將來時。
I shall study harder at English.我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。
I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,我就不來。
My brother will leave for the United States next week.
我的哥哥下星期要到美國去。
He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。
(2)shall只用于第一人稱,will可用于第一、第二、第三人稱。
I will help him if he asks me.只要他愿意,我會幫助他。
You will report me afterwards.事后你必須向我報告。
They say that it will rain tomorrow.他們說明天下雨。
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