1.except,besides,except for,except that
(1)except“除了……之外”,表示不包括在內(nèi),相當(dāng)于“not including”。
We all went except Tom.除了湯姆之外,我們都去了。(我們都去了,但不包括湯姆在內(nèi))。
I can answer all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一題外,所有題目我都可以解答。
(2)besides“除了……之外”,表示“除……之外還有”。
All of them retired besides myself.除了我自己退休之外,他們也全都退休了。
He had other people to take care of besides me.
除了我之外,他還需要照料其他人。
(3)except for“只是;除……之外”,其后接的詞同句子中的主語(yǔ)不是同類的,指從整體中除去一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié),一個(gè)方面;而except后接的詞同句子中的主語(yǔ)是同類,指在同類的整體中除去一個(gè)部分。
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了幾處語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤外,你的作文寫得很好。
The letter is good except for the spelling.那封信很通順,只是拼寫有錯(cuò)誤。
(4)except that “除去……之外”,后面接名詞性從句。
She knew nothing about his journey except that he was likely to be away for three months.關(guān)于他的旅行她不清楚,只知道他大概要離開3個(gè)月。
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
我對(duì)他一無所知,只知道他住在隔壁。
I received nothing except what was due to me.
除了我應(yīng)得的東西,我并未接受任何東西。
2.about,around,round,some,or so 表“大約”
(1)about不與a few,more than,several連用,只與較肯定的數(shù)字連用。
He is only about five feet high.他只有大約5英尺高。
(2)around和round 多修飾時(shí)間和數(shù)額。
The journey will take around ten days.這次旅行需要大約10天的時(shí)間。
He paid round $ 20 for it.他花了大約20美元買它。
(3)some修飾時(shí)間和數(shù)額,但不能修飾時(shí)間點(diǎn)概念的數(shù)詞。
Some 300 were present.大約有300人到場(chǎng)。
(4)or so 要放在數(shù)詞之后。
I want a hundred or so.我要100個(gè)左右。
3.about,on表示“關(guān)于”
(1)about 主要表示內(nèi)容較普遍、一般、不太重視。
a book for children about Africa and its people
一本供兒童閱讀的關(guān)于非洲和非洲人的書
(2)on則表示嚴(yán)肅的或?qū)W術(shù)性的,是供專門研究用的。
a book on Chinese history 一本關(guān)于中國(guó)歷史的書
4.from then on,ever since (then)
(1)from then on 即“從那時(shí)起”,所以多與一般過去時(shí)連用。
From then on she knew she would win.從那時(shí)起她就知道她將獲勝。
(2)ever since (then)是“從那時(shí)以來”,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
He has lived here ever since (then).打那時(shí)起,他就一直住在這兒。
5.increase by,increase to
(1)“increase by+倍數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)”,表示“增加了……倍或百分之……”。
Compared with last year,our coal output has increased by three times.
與去年相比,我們的煤產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了3倍。
(2)“increase to+具體的增長(zhǎng)后的數(shù)字”,表示“增加到了……”。
Our coal output has increased to 6 million tons this year.
我們今年的煤產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)到了600萬噸。
6.inside,within
(1)inside表示具體的位置關(guān)系。
inside the car 在汽車?yán)?/p>
(2)within表示不超出某個(gè)范圍,表示“在……時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)”。
within the law 在法律范圍內(nèi)
within a month 在一個(gè)月之內(nèi)
7.instead of,instead
(1)instead of介詞短語(yǔ),意為“代替,而不是”,后面常跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。
We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.
我們將改在花園里喝茶,而不在屋里喝。
I will go instead of you.我代你去。
(2)instead是副詞,意為“替換,代替”。
Having planned to drive,we walked instead.我們以步行代替原先計(jì)劃的駕車。
8.by the name of,in the name of,under the name of
(1)by the name of意為“名叫,以……的名義”。
He met a US newsman by the name of Newton.他遇見一個(gè)名叫牛頓的美國(guó)記者。
(2)in the name of意為“以……的名義,為了……的緣故”。
Open up in the name of the law! 以法律的名義打開!
(3)under the name of意為“用……名字(指化名、假名、筆名等)”。
He wrote the novel under the name of Lu Xun.他以“魯迅”為筆名寫了這本小說。
9.in the east of,on the east of,to the east of,east of
(1)in the east of 位于某一范圍之內(nèi)的東部地區(qū)。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海在中國(guó)東部。
(2)on the east of 位于某地之東,并與之接壤。
North Korea lies on the east of China.北朝鮮位于中國(guó)東部。
(3)to the east of 在某一范圍之外以東,east of結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于to the east of。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中國(guó)以東。
That is a town east of the Danube.那是多瑙河以東的一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。
10.in the corner,on the corner,at the corner,round the corner
(1)in the corner 為“在……角里”;
The girl sat in the corner of the classroom.那個(gè)女孩子坐在教室的角落里。
(2)on the corner 為“在……角上”“在……拐角上”;
The poster is posted on the corner of the department store.
那廣告貼在那家百貨公司外面的一角上。
(3)at the corner “在……拐角處”;
There is a store at the corner.街角有一家店。
(4)round the corner來臨
Christmas is round the corner.圣誕節(jié)即將來臨。
【高考演練】
1.【北京】Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves________half an hour.
A.by B.in C.for D.until
【答案】B 考查介詞搭配。表示某段時(shí)間后將發(fā)生某事,一般用介詞in。故選B。
2.【全國(guó)大綱卷】September 30 is the day________which you must pay your bill.
A.by B.for C.with D.in
【答案】A 考查介詞搭配。句意:9月30日是你必須付賬單的最后期限。此處by意為“截止到……日期”。故選A。
3.【福建】Our club is open to everyone________age,sex or educational background.
A.due to B.except for C.along with D.regardless of
【答案】D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我們的俱樂部對(duì)每個(gè)人開放,不考慮年齡、性別和教育背景。(be)due to 由于、因?yàn)?;except for 除了;along with和,一起;regardless of 無論,不管,不考慮。故選D。
4.【江蘇】Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay________.
A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion
【答案】C 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:湯姆總是在早晨慢跑,并且他也經(jīng)常做俯臥撐來保持體形。in place 在合適的位置上;in order 按順序,秩序井然;in shape 在外形上,在形狀上;in fashion 流行。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知C項(xiàng)正確。故選C。
5.【江蘇】The idea “happiness”,________,will not sit still for easy definition.
A.to be rigid B.to be sure C.to be perfect D.to be fair
【答案】B 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:幸福,明確說來,仍然不容易定義。to be rigid 嚴(yán)格說來;to be sure 明確說來;to be perfect 完美說來;to be fair 公平說來。故選B。
6.【江西】Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.________,it could just put you in debt.
A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand
【答案】D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:開始你自己的事業(yè)是一種獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的方法??闪硪环矫?,它可能讓你置于債務(wù)之中。in other words 換句話說;all in all 總之;as a result 結(jié)果;on the other hand 另一方面。故選D。
7.【江西】It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life________his great wealth.
A.without B.despite C.in D.to
【答案】B 考查介詞搭配。句意:盡管Lucas先生有大量的財(cái)富,但是他過著簡(jiǎn)單的生活,這讓人難以置信。根據(jù)a simple life以及his great wealth可知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選B。
8.【陜西】The Scottish girl________blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
A.by B.of C.in D.with
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配。句意:在第五屆漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中,那位藍(lán)眼睛的蘇格蘭女孩贏得了第一名。所填詞意思是“有”,用with。故選D。
9.【天津】________ the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.
A.In reply to B.In addition to C.In charge of D.In place of
【答案】B 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:除了學(xué)校,村莊還有一個(gè)診所,也是在政府的資助下建起來的。in reply to 答復(fù);in addition to 除……之外,也,和;in charge of 負(fù)責(zé);in place of代替,取代。故選B。
10.【浙江】While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything________.
A.in return B.in common C.in turn D.in place
【答案】A 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:在村子里生活期間,詹姆斯非常無私地與村民們分享了他所有的一切,而不求回報(bào)。根據(jù)句意知,空格處表示“作為回報(bào)”,所以用in return。in common 共同;in turn 反過來,反之;in place 恰當(dāng),在適當(dāng)位置。故選A。
11.【浙江】People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying________expression.
A.from B.over C.with D.for
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)人們還有許多自己的想法需要表達(dá)的時(shí)候,他們是不會(huì)注意到你的。根據(jù)句意知,此處cry for expression可以看作是固定表達(dá),意為“哭著要……,急需……,要求……”。故選D。
12.【浙江】There’s no reason to be disappointed.________,this could be rather amusing.
A.Above all B.As a result C.In addition D.As a matter of fact
【答案】D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:沒有理由失望。實(shí)際上,這似乎還很有趣。as a matter of fact意為“事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上”,符合句意。above all 首要的是;as a result 結(jié)果;in addition 另外。故選D。
13.【重慶】She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went________the road.
A.on B.along C.from D.off
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配。句意:她開車開得太快,以至于在拐彎處差點(diǎn)開下了公路。此處off表示“離開,偏離”。故選D。
14.【湖北】The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks________in the garden of a traditional home.
A.out of questionB.out of order
C.out of sightD.out of place
【答案】D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:有著現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的色彩鮮艷的家具,適合現(xiàn)代的房屋和花園,但是放在傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格的花園里看起來就格格不入。out of question 不成問題,無疑的;out of order 出故障,秩序混亂;out of sight 看不見,在視野之外;out of place不得其所的,不適當(dāng)?shù)?,格格不入的。信息詞but 告訴我們正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該表示“不合適的,格格不入的”。故選D。
15.【安徽】You can change your job,you can move house,but friendship is meant to be________life.
A.of B.on C.to D.for
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配。句意:你可以換工作,你也可以搬家,但是友誼是終生不變的。of life 對(duì)于生命;on life 有關(guān)生命;to life 給生命;for life=for the rest of one’s life,終生的。故選D。
16.【福建】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals________all its citizens.
A.in charge ofB.for the purpose of
C.in honor ofD.for the benefit of
【答案】D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:為了惠及全民,中國(guó)一直在推動(dòng)公共醫(yī)療改革。in charge of 負(fù)責(zé),管理;for the purpose of 為了……的目的;in honor of 紀(jì)念;for the benefit of 為了……的好處。故選D。
17.【福建】Nothing is so easy as________parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.
A.of B.to C.by D.for
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配。句意為:父母最容易犯的錯(cuò)就是把對(duì)孩子的期望值提得過高。for對(duì)……來說,后跟“對(duì)象”。故選D。
18.【全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】100℃ is the temperature________which water will boil.
A.for B.at C.on D.of
【答案】B 考查介詞搭配。句意:100攝氏度是水沸騰的溫度。該空后面是由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí),介詞的判斷原則是看介詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系。把句子分解開來可以得到100℃ is the temperature and at this temperature water will boil.故選B。
19.【北京】Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders?
A.at B.on C.to D.across
【答案】D 考查介詞搭配。句意:你覺得這件襯衫在肩膀這個(gè)地方是不是太緊了?at 在……地方;on 在……上面;to 表地點(diǎn)時(shí),指不接觸;across 橫跨,指從肩膀的一端到另一端。故選D。
20.【陜西】An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are________it.
A.against B.for C.to D.with
【答案】A 考查介詞搭配。句意:好像是不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議了,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員都反對(duì)。against 反對(duì);for 支持;to 向、朝、往、到、在……;with 和(其他人或物)在一起、跟、同、和;(時(shí)間)隨著;有;穿戴……。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境知A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A。
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