高中英語語法:英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的釋義與用法示例句子歸納

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決定動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要看動(dòng)詞和主語的關(guān)系。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也就是說它們是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，也就是說它們是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法全解

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

am/is/ are +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

was/were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

will be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

am/is/are +being +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

have/has +been +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法:

(1)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)

The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.

English is widely spoken in the world now.

(2)不知道或沒必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)

Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.

The problem is dealt with now.

(3)當(dāng)說話人需要強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀時(shí)

It is said that she was a beauty when she was young

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變法：

賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done ,時(shí)不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。

注:1.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。

2.主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的句式要一致。

3.變成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語與謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本句式

(1)肯定式:主語+ was/were +過去 分詞+by?

It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute.

(2)否定式:主語+was/were + not +過去分詞+ by?

She was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.

(3)一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+過去分詞+by?

Was it made of bamboo?

(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑+was/were+過去分詞+by?

What was it made of?

特殊情況的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

1.帶雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

動(dòng)詞+ sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)

口訣：如遇雙賓語，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。

1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。

give sb sth 被動(dòng) :sb +be given sth或sth +be given +to sb.

e.g.He gave me a book

Iwas givena book by him.

A bookwas given tome by him.

2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。

buy sb sth被動(dòng):sb +be bought + sth或sth +be bought +for sb

e.g.My mother made me a cake.

I was made a cake by my mother

A cake was made for me by my mother.

2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+ sb + do sth.

口訣：感使動(dòng)詞真叫怪，to來to去記心懷，主動(dòng)語態(tài)to離去被動(dòng)語態(tài)to回來。

動(dòng)詞：make/ let/have/see/hear/feel/watch

make sb do sth被動(dòng):sb + be +made +to do sth

e.g.The boss made the workers work all day

The workers was made to work all day by the boss.

3.see/hear/notice/keep +sb +doing sth句型中變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)doing不變。

e.g.I heard Tom singing just now

Tom was heard singing by me just now.

4.以動(dòng)詞短語作謂語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。

e.g.We should take care of the old.

The old should be taken care of.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化

被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be 過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：

1)am/is/are done (過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2)has/have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3)am/is/are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

例A new cinema is being built here.

4)was/were done 一般過去時(shí)

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5)had been done 過去完成時(shí)

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6)was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7)shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8)should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9)shall/will have been done 將來完成時(shí)(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be 過去分詞。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞 介詞”，“動(dòng)詞 副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

v.ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

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